Nadia Ahmad Samdin
Singapore
“Other exchanges have pursued dual, listings and cross-market linkages. The experience has been mixed. While these frameworks generally reduce friction and improve access, they have not always translated into influence. Some companies eventually opt out of dual listing as a hitch.”
“Thank you, Speaker, and I thank the Minister as well. I have just two points, mainly related to the site-specific studies, as it appears that this is a very key part of the process, and I am not sure if I missed it.”
“Second, singles up till now can typically only purchase 2-room, Flexi or resale flats, given that two-room flexi flats are highly sought after by both singles and seniors, can the Ministry consider expanding the options?”
“Thank you, Chairman. I have three follow-up questions. The first is regarding food resilience and the initial plans for the Lim Chu Kang Agri-District. Could the Minister of State please elaborate on that. The second, I am very glad to hear of the top-up to the ACT Fund.”
“Could the Ministry share how aquacultural farms are transitioning towards climate resilience systems, such as hybrid or re-circulating agricultural technologies as well as the take-up rates of support schemes, the extent of transition across the sector and any key challenges in scaling the adoption of such technologies.”
“The recently published Green Skills Report defines what are green jobs and green skills, finding that such competencies are being integrated into mainstream roles, not just specialist jobs, with about 5,000 workers projected to be needed by 2030.”
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Every one of 406 lines we hold for Nadia Ahmad Samdin, in date order, each linked to its source. Free to read, in full, without an account. Page 5 of 9.
“(In Malay) [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Sir, Malay/Muslim organisations (MMOs) play a vital role in providing support for the community and are valuable Government partners. Veteran MMO leaders have contributed a lot to the community's development. We are greatly indebted to their contributions. However, to ensure MMOs' continued relevance and success, leadership renewal must become a key focus area for any organisation. One example of leadership renewal is the Tunas Bersama M³ programme. This programme was established to nurture the next generation of MMO leaders, equipping them with the knowledge, skills and networks to lead the Malay/Muslim community and their organizations. May I ask how can the Government enable the next generation of community leaders to make more impactful contributions to the community and country, including for example driving evidence-based interventions, equipping MMOs with relevant skills to ensure corporate governance and financial sustainability within MMOs? How can the Government support the MMOs' planning so that their efforts and programmes continue to be relevant for this generation and the next? How can MMOs play a greater role in nation and community building, and are there plans to support synergised efforts among MMOs as well as encourage collaboration with non-MMOs? Strengthening Foundation of Families”
“Madam, by 2030, it is expected that a quarter of our population will be aged 65 and older. We must make sure that our home adapts accordingly to our changing demographic and especially look after our seniors. I would like to ask the Minister, MOT had earlier announced plans to implement silver zones island-wide. Can the Ministry please provide an update on this? How does MOT engage the community living in the area ahead of time on the silver zones? What are some key learnings from existing designs and feedback from both pedestrians and road users and will any of these be taken into the implementation of future silver zones? Caring SG Commuters”
“Thank you, Mdm Chairman. My first clarification is, indeed, firmly on wildlife. I really would appreciate more clarity on NParks' strategy and proactive approach to managing this more harmoniously in our City in Nature vision, both for the safety of humans as well as animals. Is there a step plan or framework in place to preempt hotspots or deescalate conflict, and can more thoughtful design of estates, for example, those near waterways or set in nature, such as Tengah? I appreciate public education approach, but I think we really must go beyond campaigns and only responding when there is a wildlife presence, because more animals will be pushed out into sub-optimal territory with more development. Second, on specific precincts. There have been various challenges faced by Kampong Glam stakeholders in recent times, such as rising costs and also ensuring the commercial viability of their businesses, as well as concerns whether traditional heritage in the area is being eroded by gentrification and newer developments that clash with our culture. Will place plan address these sentiments and also explore solutions to balance and address these issues? 6.45 pm”
“Could MND please provide an update on the progress of this? Given recent human wildlife interactions, including, for example, wild boars and otters, is NParks considering shifting strategies to better tackle this issue? How can knowledge better be shared with the wider community as part of everyday norms, as relocation is not a sustainable strategy for the long term in our city in nature and land-scarce Singapore. There is also a push for greening industrial estates by optimising greenery, creating forested nodes and strings of connected pocket parts being suggested. Could MND also give a progress in this regard? Citizen Engagement for Heritage Sites Finally, supported by URA, the National Heritage Board recently concluded the Kampong Glam Citizen Engagement Project. This initiative mapped and documented heritage businesses and explored ways to keep traditional trades alive. It has documented many heartwarming stories of business owners' deep connection to Kampong Glam, their pride in their craft and their steadfastness amidst changing business environments. I would like to ask what are some of the insights and observations that have been gleaned from the public and Kampong Glam stakeholders in this engagement exercise. How does URA plan to incorporate insights from this exercise into heritage conservation and placemaking efforts, particularly in terms of preserving the deep historical and cultural significance of heritage businesses? Finally, given the need to factor in cultural sensitivities and cherished traditions, what are some of the key factors that MND is weighing in this exercise and development of Kampong Glam?”
“Sir, MND has been actively reaching out to citizens to understand views on what the Singapore of the future should look like. Last year, the URA concluded the Long-Term Plan Review (LTPR). I would like to ask whether MND can provide an update on key findings of the LTPR and how will the feedback gathered feature in our future land use plans. Furthermore, situations may arise when building new human-centric recreational activities requires careful scrutiny and planning to avoid destroying habitats, such as proposals to clear parts of the Springleaf Forest for Nee Soon Park or to increase traffic to our Southern Islands to create tourism opportunities. In these delicate situations, what principles does the URA use to decide on development and conservation and is there a dedicated task force to coordinate the plans of different agencies to ensure that we take a science-based approach and ensure sustainable development? What are the key takeaways from the coastal and marine ecological profiling exercise carried out in tandem with the LTPR and how will these guide URA's plans moving forward? City in Nature In 2020, MND announced its vision to transform Singapore into a city in nature. Under the OneMillionTrees Movement, we aim to plant a million more trees across Singapore by 2030. One day, I certainly hope that we can have one million mangrove trees or one million corals restored. Could NParks provide an update on the progress of this movement and to what extent does NParks work with partners to ensure that all tree species planted will strengthen ecological resilience and provide more habitats for native biodiversity beyond simply increasing the green cover? NParks also aims to carry out recovery plans for over 70 more animal and plant species by 2030.”
“Chair, housing accessibility has come into the forefront of national discussions in recent months. I am encouraged that MMD has been taking steps to boost the chances of first-time home owners. However, I encounter residents who are facing challenges as second timers. I would like to ask is MND considering any measures to further support second time home owners, including seniors looking to right-size families with past debts, divorcees or residents affected by Selective En Bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS). For example, by changing the quantum of the resale levy or other support schemes. Many second-timer families under the public rental scheme have also benefited from the Fresh Start Housing scheme. Is the Government considering further enhancements to the Fresh Start Housing scheme and how can outreach be widened? Does HDB have any updates on how the recent announcements shared last year under Fresh Start have benefited residents so far?”
“Sir, in 2021 HDB rolled out the Joint Single Scheme Operator-run (JSS-OR) pilot. I would like to ask how successful has this pilot been? What are some of the feedback received and lessons from the scheme, as well as who the main applicants to the scheme have been, for example, are they seniors? Does HDB plan to expand the JSS-OR pilot to more sites? If so, what proportions of flats under JSS will be allocated to this and on what timeline? Additionally, families who are sometimes caught in limbo as they eagerly await their BTO keys have turned to the Parenthood Provisional Housing Scheme (PPHS). Many appreciate the support. I would like to ask what are the typical profiles of families under PPHS and is HDB on track to increase the number of PPHS flats by mid-2023? Could HDB provide an update on whether application rates have further fallen or remain high, and if the proportion of individuals who were offered a flat but eventually rejected them has decreased?”
“Sir, last year, my team and I at Cheng San-Seletar worked with partners such as Upcircle and City Sprouts on green energy initiatives such as our Community Eco Day, where we gave community-grown produce to neighbours and showed how we can use food scraps for compost. We need more of such ground-up initiatives led by and in the community. I would like to ask, does the Ministry track how community-led projects supported by the SG Eco Fund help us achieve our climate targets and Singapore Green Plan 2030 goals? What are the support and resources provided to such groups to plan and implement sustainability initiatives in the community as well as evaluate such projects? Does the Government have any plans to engage youths to encourage more ground-up sustainability initiatives and personal responsibilities in the green space beyond the classroom for the longer term, beyond ad-hoc one-off activities?”
“Sir, while sea level rise affects all countries, low-lying islands like Singapore are particularly vulnerable to flooding. As we face more complex challenges, there is a need to seek out innovative ideas, consult and co-create with stakeholders, including the public. I would like to ask, how are we dealing with both the inland and coastal components of flooding as an integrated system? Could MSE share how can the public, including youths, be involved in the design of Singapore's coastal protection measures, including nature-based solutions? Beyond public consultations for the design of coastal protection measures, how else does MSE engage with the people sector to empower individuals to take action towards our overall environmental goals, including, for example, on marine litter. Streamlining Support for Climate R&D”
“Sir, Singapore is a foodie haven and while popular food choices are highly lauded, lapses in food safety can have a severe impact on public health. I would like to ask how can the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) tap the latest innovations and technologies to enhance food safety? Is the SFA considering any enhancements to the food hygiene and safety framework, including the points demerit system so as to encourage food business owners to maintain a hygienic and clean environment? Finally, while home-based businesses are not governed by the regulations, how can SFA support better food hygiene from such home-based businesses and food delivered by on-line platforms, in the interest of public health and safety? Strengthening Singapore's Climate Resilience”
“Sir, hawker, centres and wet markets are integral to Singapore society. Beyond providing affordable food options and telling stories of our heritage, they also form communal spaces. I would like to ask the Government what are the new hawker centres that are scheduled to open in 2023 and is their construction progress on track? Has the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment (MSE) assessed the demand for hawker centres and wet markets in the near future in different areas and will the newly open hawker centres in the next few years be able to meet this demand? It is also important to help existing hawker centres keep up with the times. How are we ensuring that both new and older hawker centres are sustainable and does MSE have plans to enhance hawker centres with older structures and consider using new innovations to tackle other issues such as urban bird challenges?”
“Thank you, Mdm Chair. I thank the hon Minister and Senior Parliamentary Secretary for their speeches. Just two clarifications. The deferment of the admission regime changes from 2023 to 2024 has caused some junior lawyers and law graduates some anxiety. Just two questions. Firstly, could the Minister elaborate on the reasons for this deferment? For example, is it due to an urgent need for young lawyers to be called? Secondly, as I understand, MinLaw will release more information shortly. Is there a rough indication of when that might be? My second clarification to Senior Parliamentary Secretary is on the Southern Islands. Thank you very much for sharing that. In the foreseeable future and the year ahead, is there any planned development for the Southern Islands?”
“Mdm Chair, as a small island city-state, land is a limited resource in Singapore. It is essential that land use and state properties are optimised for the community. I would like to ask how has the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) repurposed and rejuvenated state properties for the community? How does SLA decide which properties are selected, on what timelines and are there any upcoming plans that the public can look forward to? In November last year, I briefly spoke about the upkeep and protection of the SLA-managed lands, such as the Southern Islands. Given the multitude of recreational and research activities on these islands, does SLA have any plans to work with other agencies in enhancing the frameworks and protections of these islands, for example, through zoning? Mainstreaming Geospatial Capabilities”
“Mdm Chair, in 2021, slightly under 60% of departures from the profession consisted of junior lawyers under five years Post-Qualified Experience (PQE). During the pandemic, many of the challenges that lawyers had been facing bubbled to the fore, including burnout, career progression and work culture. Work from anywhere, coupled with constant communication, adds to the pressures of lawyering. As we move forward in a new era, how is MinLaw supporting both senior and junior lawyers to better meet the evolving legal needs of society and economy? Second, several changes to the admission regime recommended by the Committee for the Professional Training of Lawyers (CPTL) that were accepted by MinLaw will be implemented this year. Has MinLaw received feedback from students, law firms and other stakeholders on the readiness and progress for the implementation this year, including concerns around low trainee allowance? Land Leases for Religious Purposes”
“(In English): In closing Sir, I am looking forward to participating in this year's Committee of Supply debate. As Members of Parliament, we all feel the sentiments on the ground keenly, and know intimately the worries as we emerge from COVID-19 into an uncertain environment. I am glad that Budget 2023 focuses on moving forward together in a new era and appreciate many of the decisive measures we are making with our people. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I support the Budget.”
“How can we fight for climate justice? How can this be a part of every child's upbringing, just as important as algebra? How can we live out what it truly takes to reach Net-zero so that there continues to be a green, blue and brown world for our next generation? A few words in Malay before I end. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Prior to this Budget, some Cheng San-Seletar residents spoke to me about their concerns on the rising cost of living. They were also concerned whether they will be able to have adequate savings for retirement. With the announcement of Budget 2023 by Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, I hope that this will in some way ease their concerns. I am very happy to see the Government's commitment to support the aspirations of young families. With support such as increased paternity leave, enhancement to the Baby Bonus Cash Gift (BBCG) and the Child Development Account (CDA), I hope fathers can also play a more active role in taking care, educating and raising their children. I also welcome the additional grants from the Government for those who want to buy resale flats. However, besides helping Singaporeans have a family and own their dream homes, I hope the Government would also extend its support to help family members working in the gig sector. I was glad to hear the recent announcement to improve the financial security of platform workers. I have met gig workers who prefer cash income that they can receive promptly while they are still young, but upon reaching their 30s, they realised they did not have enough savings and CPF to buy a home. Considering that the gig economy will be permanent, I look forward to hearing more details during the Committee of Supply (COS) debate.”
“This principle is generally undisputed. But more and more, on the ground, we hear from people who may be just priced out of housing grants and schemes, but can ill afford a private home; older retirees who may be "asset rich" but cash poor; and those who care for their parents as well as their children amidst rising costs. Sir, I understand and support the Government's approach in stewarding resources towards ensuring that the people who need assistance the most remain the largest beneficiaries. As highlighted in the earlier part of my speech, wage growth continues on an upward trend and that is the best lever. Having said the above, there some young professionals who say half in jest: "Work hard so you have more money to actually buy a flat, but don't work so hard that you earn so much and you might bust the HDB income ceiling." Narratives like these may not apply to the majority of the population, but they can lead to a disheartened and disgruntled sandwiched middle class. I hope that the Government continues to engage this segment of Singaporeans. Third, our youths. Earlier on I spoke about some the youths I met about their vision of Singapore in 2050. One other point resonated consistently throughout the evening – is there more than one version of the Singapore dream? Are we too deep in hustle culture, primary one registration, being the first in the queue, growing reliant on incentives in order to do what is for the broader good, aiming for that elusive Built-to-Order (BTO) ballot number, to slow down? In our garden city State, can farming, working with wildlife, the social sector, heritage and the arts have space in this Singapore? Can a gap year while we figure out things be forgiven? Can there be second chances and a life beyond grades? What are the trade-offs?”
“During my house visits, I recently met one aunty in her 60s, who looked like she was in her 40s. I asked her to tell me her secret, and she told me: "哈哈大笑。有钱就吃多一点，没钱就吃少一点", or "Laugh and smile. If I have more, I eat more; if I have less, I eat less". We take life as it comes. Many of them continue to hold jobs too. For some, this is a way to keep actively engaged, but for others, it is a painful necessity to afford life. I am glad that the measures in the Budget around the continued employment of seniors, should they choose, are centred around ensuring that companies are incentivised to compensate workers fairly, as well as retirement adequacy. The CPF increase proposed in this Budget affects employer contributions as well and I understand that the Government has planned for an offset to assist companies in meeting this goal, as well as the senior employment credit. However, given that there are time limits to this, what more can be done on a societal level to prevent a drop off in hiring seniors when the credit and offset expires? Beyond the economic factors, I also hope we can improve the quality of life for our seniors, strengthening the family nucleus and caregiving. For example, for those who sell their homes and their parents' homes to consolidate into a multi-generational flat, I hope that we can relook the criteria of certain support schemes and caregiving subsidies dependent on flat type, to allow for elderly and their adult children to continue receiving help. For those who may not be as close to their children, that we can expand community care apartments and encourage society to step up as eyes and ears on the ground, so that our elderly feel supported, valued and that they matter. On our middle class, we allocate more resources to those who need it more.”
“Efforts like Forward Singapore help to bring dialogue to our people, encourage diverse voices to raise their views and allows people to have that tactile experience of conversing with someone who may not see the world the same way that they do. We are moving away from quiet tolerance and building the muscle of discourse. In this process, there will be growing pains. Stewarding a peaceful and fruitful exchange of ideas is a difficult, but necessary task to undertake before we can build bridges, in the spirit of our shared social compact. I look forward to hearing more from our 4G leadership on their takeaways from this exercise in due course. I recently had the chance to participate in a dialogue, in my capacity on the REACH Panel. It was a weekday after work and around 40 youths, between 20 and 32 had shown up to make friends in their neighbourhood, and to discuss what Vision 2050 Singapore might look like. As I listened to their thoughts, topics such as tech layoffs, support for healthcare workers, trading off some order for a little more "rough around the edges", upskilling and housing were all topics which came to the fore. But one of the most common thoughts were that, firstly, we were so very lucky to be where we are today and to have this foundation and we must not take it for granted. Singapore must continue to be that place where people see value in staying and are willing to protect each other and what we have. The Budget lays out and suggests what kind of future we want to see for Singaporeans. I would briefly touch on three groups. I have grown to know and love many elderly in my constituency. There is something about the way they take my hand and tell me to look after my health that never fails to fill my heart right up.”
“Mental health conditions also impact families, carers, colleagues, communities and society at large. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I hope that over the next few days in this House, we will make moves on this topic as well. For example, one possibility is the pilot of a mental well-being credit scheme that could incentivise companies to truly invest in the mental health of their workers. The framework for this credit scheme could be developed in partnership with tripartite partners, healthcare practitioners and the inter-agency task force on mental health and well-being. Such a scheme should focus on scoring a workplace's mental wellness protocols, instead of scoring employees, just to be clear. And this could provide us a base to develop better frameworks to facilitate the acceptance and integration of mental health as a part of our working culture. Investments that focus on emotional well-being, stability and diversity are also critical in tackling the issues that arise from competing ideologies. Achieving consensus in society is a Sisyphean task. Some people like the otters and roosters, others want them removed or do not care. Some are willing to bring their own bags to grocery shopping while others want more plastic bags to dispose of the waste. Some champion low-income workers and would pay more for services and goods, while others want to keep their cups of teh tarik to 90 cents. Some modern ideologies clash with beliefs which are rooted in tradition. Every decision requires careful deliberation, consultation, trade-offs and tough choices.”
“And the difficulty of this task is exacerbated by extenuating market conditions: a hawkish federal reserve combating inflation, disrupted supply chains, geopolitical uncertainties – all of which contribute towards price instability on goods and services. A wise friend once told me, we cannot attribute what we know from our unique experience to what we expect people to know. Seeking our people's understanding of the difficult decisions and trade-offs will not change the everyday reality that our morning kopi peng with eggs and kaya toast set has become more expensive, which is why I applaud the Government's efforts in the tangible development of the Assurance Package, and other schemes that seek to help a majority of citizens address these cost-of-living issues. We must continue to communicate these assurances concisely and clearly. Having said the above, even with the assistance provided, uncertain conditions create fertile ground for hopelessness and anxiety to take root. While we attempt to shield Singaporeans from economic headwinds, we must also invest in schemes and programmes that help our citizens achieve better resilience and mental well-being outcomes. Sir, we have to go beyond campaigns and taglines to truly consider the spectrum of needs in mental health support. The WHO reports that half the world's population are currently in work and 15% of working-age adults live with a mental disorder. Without effective support, mental disorders and other conditions can affect a person's confidence, identity, capacity to work productively and the ease with which to gain and retain work. Globally, 12 billion working days are lost every year to depression and anxiety alone.”
“In approximately the same time, data taken from the United States (US) census shows the median gross annual income from work to be at US$32,000 in 2012, compared to US$37,522 in 2021 – in Singapore, an increase of approximately $14,400 compared to $7,398 in the US. One of the factors that has helped wage growth continue to rise in Singapore is the Government's focus on upskilling and attracting investment. I applaud the top-up of the National Productivity Fund and expansion to include investment promotion as a supportable activity. And this will include supporting companies in their efforts of building new capabilities, adding greater value to domestic ecosystems and opportunities for better jobs for our workers as long as we remain hungry. Also, social mobility continues to be a cornerstone of society. While education systems are often touted as a great leveller, we must pay careful attention to how we create access, so as to also meet the needs of children from more disadvantaged households. A featured story by the World Bank in November 2021, cites research from India and Indonesia that is shedding new light on low intergenerational educational mobility, highlighting that education systems can entrench inequality, rather than combat it if designed poorly. I am heartened to hear that KidSTART will be expanded nationwide, coupled with efforts like ComLink and Project DIAN@M3, I hope that we can truly make a difference for the next generation. This Budget, the Government has laid out its commitment towards tackling cost of living and affordability issues, which are a part of every maturing economy.”
“Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Budget Statement. Over the last decade, we have seen the development of growing anxiety and erosion of trust between people and governments around the world. The combination of factors that lead to this varies across nations, but they can be grouped broadly into three different categories: First, factors that contribute to the middle-class squeeze, for example, wage stagnation, increased costs of goods and services, an over reliance of debt and tax bands that place a heavy weight on the middle-class. Second, disparity of access to resources and opportunities across different groups including overwhelming student debt burdens, hard choices between furthering education and earning to support the family, career opportunities being afforded via a network effect with little consideration for capability. And third, the increasing use of ideological differences in fanning the flames of identity politics, where competing ideologies turn into competing identities, which makes it increasingly difficult to achieve majority consensus for what is good for society. As a young nation which grew up fast, Singapore is not immune to the factors above. We are an open society with immigrant roots, reliant on trade and investment. The Government has historically managed the risk factors in these categories and continues to place an emphasis in tackling most of these issues in Budget 2023. Between 2012 and 2021, according to Ministry of Manpower's (MOM) data, the median gross annual income from work, including employer CPF contributions of full-time employed residents, grew from $41,760 to $56,160.”
“For instance, in Indonesia, a 2019 World Bank report on urbanisation, showed that the ratio of home prices to income in Jakarta was higher than Singapore and New York City, and this led to a reduction in home ownership rate. In Malaysia, a policy paper has suggested that housing prices remain unaffordable for many residents. Housing is a global problem, but remains a personal aspiration for many, and we must continue to improve accessibility and affordability for current and future generations of Singaporeans. (In English): Madam, our housing policy approach has historically gone beyond infrastructure to include livability, social, familial and societal development considerations. We have worked so hard for generations of Singaporeans to own houses and build homes. And as we navigate new expectations and realities, I hope that the Government continues to listen to concerns as it has and also be open in communicating trade-offs so our people understand the different data points when discussing affordability and accessibility in housing. The Government's efforts on Forward Singapore are in the right spirit and I urge more Singaporeans to come forward to the table for this direct opportunity for consultation and co-creation. Housing is a part of the Singapore dream, which must continue to be within the reach of each generation, so that our people feel like they have a home here and a tangible stake in our Singapore. [Applause]”
“Such vouchers can complement the support provided by the Government to address the rental flat supply problem and can provide a quicker solution to a most pressing need. Indeed, this policy, if approved, should have a testing method and eligibility criteria such as an income limit, a maximum limit on the amount to be drawn out and consider whether it is appropriate for the Government to provide a repository of homeowners with additional rooms. In my view, such housing vouchers can provide more support for low-income Singaporeans and alleviate situations where there are no units available for them to rent. It also allows families to rent in locations closer to schools, workplaces or family support systems that they require. I commend the Government's efforts and commitment to support Singaporeans' aspirations to own their own homes. I am glad to read that over 700 families living in rental flats were able to buy their own homes in 2022. The Home Ownership Support Team (HST), coupled with the Fresh Start Housing Scheme (FSHS), has helped them. I would like to ask if the HST can be extended to support more families in rental flats who have yet to own their own homes, and whether the FSHS can be enhanced further, for example, can the Government give an update on when will FSHS families be eligible to purchase 3-room flats, and how can it help families who are saddled with debt from their previous home? Madam Deputy Speaker, it is not a coincidence that close to 80% of Singaporeans live in HDB flats today, with nearly nine in 10 Singaporeans owning their own homes. Mortgage rates have doubled on average in developed countries in 2022.”
“Personally, I am grateful that the Government has started to consider prime location public housing and continues to find scarce piece in mature estates instead of such land being taken up by private housing only. Third, on rental housing. Madam, homeownership remains the core aspiration of many Singaporeans today, but it would be remiss of me to not also mention accessibility of rental housing in Singapore for vulnerable families and individuals awaiting development of their BTO flats due to COVID-19 construction delays. I will continue in Malay, please. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] There are around 50,000 households under the Public Rental Scheme. In 2022, the Government stated that the waiting period to get a rental flat from HDB is less than one year. This is lower than countries like Hong Kong, for example, where the waiting period for public housing is 5.6 years. However, many of my residents have shared their concerns – for example, a mother and her children who suddenly lost their home after a divorce and those living in 1-room rental flats, which is not suitable for children who are growing up. Sometimes there are also complex issues faced by families such as families that have recently reconciled or those with new family members at home such as in-laws. Madam Deputy Speaker, it is impossible to meet the short-term demand for rental flats, and in any case, many families hope to move into their own homes. As part of the programme to help low-income families, or those who wish to rent a flat through the PPHS scheme, can the Government consider an initiative to distribute housing cash vouchers?”
“They afford this first home comfortably and when their salary scales, they can afford a bigger home, either later down the line or when they have kids. Finally, scenario C: a couple want more space, so they successfully ballot for a 4-room BTO. And the status quo continues to exist for them. The MOP period will continue to be at five years. These twin proposals encourage a rethink of how we as Singaporeans approach housing, buying the space that we need today and upgrading as needs change in the future, allowing space and assistance to go to those when you need it the most. While there will naturally be many considerations in these suggestions, I hope that this concept can be considered and its potentials studied further as one of the many levers which the Ministry uses. Next, as a Member of Parliament serving in a mature estate, I often receive feedback that the price of resale units are high. There are few new BTOs and that the younger generation wants to continue to stay in the same neighbourhood and nearer their parents who are part of their circle of care. My husband and I too, prioritise proximity to my senior parents so that we could be a short distance away if we needed them or if they needed us, even though the trade-off in that was an older flat and an older layout. For BTO launches in mature estates, could the Government consider making three generational flats a key feature of every launch? This would allow both caregiving for children and parents more holistically in a larger space and also free up other units for resale when parents move in together with their children.”
“However, despite the Government's best efforts in rolling out cooling measures to manage increasing prices in the resale market, sometimes market conditions will cause demand to skyrocket beyond predicted levels, and with it, prices increase. I have some suggestions specific to future BTO projects. Introduce a stage of life housing grant designed to motivate Singaporeans to right-size our first homes and mortgages at the start of our home ownership journey and increase the supply of potential 3-room flats available in the resale market by adjusting the Minimum Occupation Period (MOP) for such units downwards to three years. Scenario A: a couple successfully ballots for a 3-room BTO. They are eligible for an HDB Loan Eligibility (HLE) loan and receive the proximity grant to be near their parents. Lucky for them, three years later, they have a child and feel that maybe their house is a little too cramped as they also are considering employing a foreign domestic worker. Given that they have reached their three-year MOP, the couple contemplate selling their home to purchase a 4-room flat in the resale market to accommodate their growing family. After means testing, such a couple could be eligible for stage of life housing grant, which will help to further subsidise the cost of the 4-room resale. Scenario B: same couple and choices, except they have not had the fortune to have a child yet. So, in considering their next home purchase, they are not eligible for this stage of life housing grant. However, because they had right-sized at the start, the share of wallet paying their mortgage from their monthly income is slightly lower and they have savings.”
“However, what may be remembered outside of these Chambers are the stories of the few million-dollar resale HDBs or how a couple tried six times to apply for a BTO in a mature estate, even though factually, HDB resale flats that have been sold for over $1 million dollars make up a minority – around 1% of all HDB resale transactions in the past five years as of 2022 – and when statistics show that less than 2% of first-time applicants took more than five tries to get a BTO flat in a mature estate between 2019 and 2021. Madam, I acutely feel the worries of Singaporeans on affordability and accessibility of public housing and the desire to continue to improve our system. However, I do not believe it is time to throw the baby out with the bath water. The HDB was set up during a housing crisis in Singapore in the 1960s. And over the years, these flats are home to around 80% of our population – around 23 towns and three estates. We must not compare only harking back to the past, but our place vis-à-vis the rest of the world. Moving on to some suggestions, the two areas of focus I would like to suggest are: policies that boost the resale market viability as housing option for first-time homeowners and policies that focus on increased access to temporary housing for Singaporeans who need to rent, while on their way to becoming homeowners. To meet the strong demand for public housing, HDB has already committed to ramping up the supply of BTO flats, with some of these projects being placed in mature estates. We will need some time to see these come into effect. That alongside the ground structures available, support Singaporeans in our pursuit of purchasing our first home, be it first hand from HDB or in the resale market.”
“Should Singapore's housing needs continue to be serviced primarily by a public housing model or do we reserve public housing only for the low-income? Are there ways to allow for young Singaporeans to start building families earlier? How can we improve the quality of life for seniors to age in place? These are all questions I have asked myself, my activists and my residents in the course of my work. And I know countless people in the Civil Service who are kept up at night pondering these questions. As society develops, needs and wants change. Housing policy has not remained stagnant over the years. The work that we do here will ensure that it continues to meet the needs of Singaporeans in the future. My speech will focus on three broad points. Affordability can be objectively measured but it is subjectively felt. This is why you cannot soothe emotions using statistics. Let me share a personal anecdote. My husband and I share household chores as we do not have a helper. Our older resale flat, which we first bought when we got married, is small enough for us to maintain together. In a hypothetical example, six out of seven days of the week, he will do his part of the chores, but on the one day that he does not, I remember the previous days that he did not. When he reminds me of his efforts on the six days, I feel frustrated and think about that one day. We cannot soothe the emotions using statistics. The illustration is my husband's own. So, firstly, I would like to thank him for it. Secondly, six out of seven may be a few more days than reality, but I digress. In this debate, we will hear that the average percentage of monthly income that does towards housing payments averages at about 25% when in other cities, mortgages could be 40% to 50%.”
“Mdm Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion standing in the name of the hon Minister for National Development. For many who live in cities, housing-related expenses are the largest share of the wallet. For many home owners around the world, the value of their homes is their largest asset. Property prices have been rising globally. According to the 2022 Urban Land Institute Asia Pacific Home Attainability Index, home ownership in Tokyo is around 40%, around 51% in Hong Kong, 64% in New South Wales and 88.9% in Singapore. That number is an exception in a world where the norm sees homeownership rates across first world countries declining over the last few decades. Housing policy requires precarious balancing and can sometimes have painful consequences. In my Adjournment Motion in July 2022, I spoke up for my residents impacted by the Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme in Ang Mo Kio towards achieving more equitable outcomes in housing and highlighted the varying difficulties and needs of individual residents, the elderly, in particular, against existing schemes and levies for the Government to consider while attempting to redevelop land in mature estates for future generations. There is no easy answer. While no housing system in the world is perfect, attempting to brand a system that has allowed for almost nine in 10 Singaporeans to own their homes in a first world city as a failure or malaise, is misleading. Let us also not forget that any reset or drastic change proposed for future home owners could affect existing home owners. Madam, ideological disagreements are an important part of a maturing democracy. Should we continue to prioritise home ownership over rental?”
“So, I wonder if NEA plans to direct more resources to tackle this and if other individuals can be trained to support the enforcement too. Finally, I understand that the time bar to pursue illegal dumping cases is proposed to be tripled from one year to three years of the offence, so as to deal with complex cases of illegal dumping. Three years can be a long time for investigations to be ongoing, both from the perspective of Government resources and also for the companies to have this outstanding. Could NEA please share what are some examples of such complex cases and based on complaints in the last three years, could NEA provide an indication of the proportion of cases that would benefit from being extended from beyond a year? In closing, this Bill underscores the Government's commitment to boosting public cleanliness and hygiene. The proposed measures increase the authorities' ability to act swiftly and effectively while guiding companies towards greater professionalism. Employers, workers and everyday citizens alike must continue to play our part towards a clean Singapore. Notwithstanding the clarifications, Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Bill.”
“What steps will NEA take to reasonably clear home owners of this suspicion? Furthermore, some cases of high-rise littering cannot be stopped by enforcement alone if they are caused by other underlying issues. For instance, repeat offenders may have mental health conditions or disabilities and some seniors have very deep-seated beliefs that are challenging for family members to correct. For example, a case of a resident who has dementia and throws items out of the window despite the best reminders from officers and family members, or seniors who continue to feed pigeons because they think it results in good karma. In such cases, I urge NEA to understand the difficult position of home owners and exercise compassion in the enforcement process. Enforcement should be solutions-driven to also soothe the frayed nerves of the complaining neighbour, such as installing mesh over the window for example, rather than focusing on a penal effect in such cases. Is there a tiered process which NEA could employ, for example, a warning letter and advisory notice before the actual enforcement in Court? Lastly, I understand that the high-rise littering act is proven to be committed from a residential flat when there is photo or video evidence that the littering has originated from that unit. I understand from Senior Minister of State Amy Khor's speech earlier that genuine photos and videos supplied by neighbours and members of the public could be considered for evidence. But what is the standard of evidence required so that the public can help and chip in as eyes and ears on the ground, and who can the public submit these photos to? Enforcement relies heavily on the deployment of cameras, which may be expensive, and already lean manpower.”
“Further, I understand that this paid-up capital requirement is being introduced to support better wages and greater technological adoption in the industry, but given that technological development and adoption requires more than just capital – for example, R&D and expertise which smaller companies may not have existing capacity for – does NEA have any schemes in mind to help these companies embrace technology? In a similar vein, it is of utmost importance to make upskilling resources accessible to all resident workers, especially for those who may be older and not as tech-savvy or may not be fluent in English. How many WSQ courses are available in a non-English language and are these courses easily accessible and packaged as bite-sized to workers who need them? Such provisions would go a long way in helping workers upskill and grow regardless of background. Next, on to our day-to-day living environments and the enforcement of high-rise littering. According to NEA, there has been a significant increase in such reports islandwide. In my constituency too, unfortunately, despite repeated advisories, public education and more intensive clean-ups, we do see such behaviour. And given that about 15% of killer litter culprits are never identified, the new law could place greater onus on flat owners and tenants serving as a possible deterrent. That said, practical problems may arise when trying to enforce this new law. For instance, home owners may be overseas or otherwise uncontactable in the 14-day window by which they have to show that they are not responsible for littering. They may not be able to satisfactorily prove their innocence if they are out of the house but leave no digital or paper footprint.”
“Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Bill. I am especially heartened to note the implementation of the Progressive Wage Model (PWM) for waste management and materials recovery workers starting 1 July 2023, which aims to boost the salaries of about 3,000 resident workers. These essential workers are often unseen and unheard and the PWM will help create a roadmap for upward progression. I have a few clarifications on the Bill. Firstly, the revisions to the cleaning business licensing framework. Licensing sets entry-level baseline standards for cleaning businesses as the industry plays an important role in ensuring a clean and hygienic environment. Three classes of licences are being introduced, replacing the current framework which only has one type of licence, renewable on an annual basis. This tiered framework means that cleaning companies have to be committed to the industry and their employees, otherwise the licence will not be renewed. In the long run, cleaning businesses are expected to hold the renewable Class 2 licences which require licensees to hold a paid-up capital of at least $25,000. However, in January 2023, it was observed that only one-third of the 1,550 licensed cleaning businesses currently qualify for this licence. While NEA has provided that the start date of this new framework will only take place in 2024, does NEA foresee any shocks to the industry, should a large number of companies be unable to keep their licences and provide cleaning services? Between office and commercial, food and beverage (F&B), or the conservancy sub-sectors, which does NEA foresee being most affected in terms of the provision of services and also potential loss of jobs? And does NEA have any plans to help cleaning companies and their employees make this transition?”
“During COVID-19, visitor volume to these islands increased by 60%. It is good that more Singaporeans are appreciating our natural environment. But increased carrying capacity comes with increasing impact and strain on the lands. Given the rising interest, I would like to ask what SLA envisions with regard to the protection and enhancement of these Southern Islands and their heritage. The Southern Islands' management, currently, straddles several Government bodies – NParks, SFA, SLA, URA and MPA, to name a few. Perhaps the next step towards protecting state lands would be to have a more coordinated whole-of-Government approach to protect land on these islands and the surrounding waters to engage stakeholders with a more systematic framework and build institutional knowledge. Additionally, a more robust environmental protection framework would foreground the importance of protecting our precious land space, seabed and marine space while ensuring that any plans to develop tourism or commerce in these areas can be enacted in a sustainable way. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, land is more than simply living spaces. While many of this Bill's amendments come across as administrative in nature, people do form emotional connections with their environments. With our limited resources, as we continue to develop regulations governing the space around us, we must balance different stakeholders' needs and wants while actively forecasting for the future. Notwithstanding the clarifications, I support the Bill.”
“They can then issue notices to the offenders to leave the land or fine the offenders. Since no warrants or criminal proceedings are required for these actions, what measures will SLA take to prevent trespassing or scams under the pretext of a legitimate inspection? Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I am heartened by the Bill's provision to ensure that state lands are well taken care of. However, even as we protect what the eyes cannot see, we must not forget to protect what is harder to see but is also under threat – our sea spaces. Singapore's waters are some of the busiest in the world, but they are home to over a third of the world's coral species. Unfortunately, about 60% of these reefs have already been lost to land reclamation. Singapore needs to establish stronger regulations on land under water as well – our seabeds – to allow remaining marine life to flourish. I sincerely hope that just because we are occasionally able to sight beautiful creatures in our waters, including blacktip reef sharks, dugongs, or even turtles and anemone fish, we should not take such things for granted and accept the status quo. We must be more proactive in protecting such gems. Singapore, currently, has one marine park set up in 2014 – that is, the Sisters' Islands. Here, it is an offence to fish, collect coral, or moor boats, without NParks' permission. However, this marine park accounts for just 0.04% of Singapore's marine area. SLA manages the islands near Sisters' Islands, namely Saint John's, Lazarus and Kusu. There are multiple users of the waters around these islands, including recreation and research, to name a few. Commercial fish farming also exists in the waters off these islands, which have an impact on the seabed, water and shores.”
“Could SLA provide an anonymised breakdown of the profile of individuals who commit these offences? This could help us to really understand if the increased penalties are, in fact, proportional as a deterrent. In other cases, residents of private landed estates may, inadvertently, encroach on state land by expanding gardens, walkways, or even part of their homes, into small areas in between houses. While land grabbing should certainly not be encouraged or excused, these residents do sometimes face challenges when coordinating with the authorities about the management of this public space. For instance, state land might not be maintained for a long period of time, turning them into breeding grounds for mosquitoes. In such situations, residents may take over the land and take care of it as they perceive it to be abandoned. In such instances, the Bill should be supplemented by greater coordination efforts between SLA and home owners to encourage communication on land management concerns and ensure the timely management of state-owned spaces. In addition, it would be helpful, in particular, in landed estates, if there could be a more systematic and efficient way in vesting state land into the care of a particular agency for building and maintenance – for example, where such lands have formed useful but informal shortcuts for residents over time to access amenities, such as bus stops, outside of their estates. Some may hope to make such shortcuts safer and official with pavements and light fixtures. Currently, the considerations, timelines and processes for doing so are unclear. Lastly, the Bill also allows enforcement officers to enter and inspect any land without a warrant if they have reasonable suspicion that the land is being used illegally.”
“Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Bill. I have some clarifications as well as suggestions on how the Bill can be expanded in the future. Firstly, I note that the proposed Bill will halve the notice period for abandoned land to be claimed from six months down to three months. While I understand that this enhances SLA's operational efficiency, I have two questions. First, how does SLA work with other agencies, such as NEA, if there are concerns by neighbours of any threats on the abandoned land, for example, dengue or other public safety concerns, during this notice period? Second, as the effect of shortening the notice is significant, I am concerned that three months may be too short as landowners may have legitimate reasons for being uncontactable – for instance, if they have migrated overseas. I note that the hon Senior Parliamentary Secretary mentioned publication in major newspapers. Will there also be digital outreach? What efforts will SLA make to ascertain that landowners have received the notice by the end of the three months, if possible? Secondly, the Bill introduces much stiffer penalties for encroaching on and damaging state land. The maximum fine for all unauthorised activities on state land will be raised by about 10 times to $50,000. However, there have been cases in the past of the elderly, for example, who encroach on state land by secretly growing vegetables, having small religious altars or even sleeping rough in patches of forest. These retired seniors' activities hark back to a simpler time for them and are, generally, not harmful to themselves or others and it can prove very challenging for them to pay the higher penalties. I understand that SLA encounters about 180 cases of encroachment every year.”
“Sometimes, it requires us raising our voices; most times, it requires persistence and tough conversations; and always, it involves time, a big heart and the willingness to hear each other out. Ultimately, change should not be born out of or led by fear as fear will not protect us. I echo my hon colleague Joan Pereira's sentiments – that we should come from a place of love – and, I will add, also of courage. Knowing that there are diverse groups who feel strongly about this, I hope that we can continue to be brave, to have tough conversations with mutual respect for our fellow Singaporeans.”
“The first sees us entrenched in our positions, unwilling to engage in constructive dialogue with others who may not see the world the way we do. The second sees us engaging in respectful conversation while remaining steadfast to our own values. Path 1 leads to division and we have seen the damage this has done in fractured societies. Path 2 leads to understanding and in turn, peace and a more lasting prosperity. It is a path rarely paved and harder fought and uncharted territory for many of us. In moments of crisis, we run the risk of deviating back to Path 1. In the context of section 377A, we move beyond talking about criminality in the same sentence as homosexuality and see people as individuals for who they are. It is easy to say that we must move beyond tolerance and towards understanding but harder to accept that we can no longer steer clear from speaking on contentious issues. I ask that we endeavour to not invalidate the lived experiences of others and that we do not fall prey to living in echo chambers. Singapore is not in a special bubble which makes us immune to these risks and I do believe that our leaders understand that. As a young nation, we have not had as many years to discuss and debate or come to a landing of what we expect of each other as well as an understanding of trade-offs. I am hopeful that efforts such as Forward Singapore will build up the muscle for society to do so, if done well. Such sessions are an important part of setting up a two-way mode of engagement between the Government and people, where engaging in productive dialogue, varying points of view, becomes the new normal. In closing, there are many ways to create change.”
“Our Malay/Muslim community is not a monolithic community. Each generation has different views, backgrounds, and experiences. In my discussions with organisations and different individuals, I have heard different perspectives. I would like to thank everyone who took the time to share their thoughts with me. I also had the opportunity to meet leaders, staff, and volunteers from our various Malay/Muslim organisations. In our conversations, many have expressed hope that the family institution will be protected, in addition to the repeal of Section 377A. Some shared their concerns about their ability to manage and support conversations between family members about Section 377A. Others shared their personal struggles to reconcile their faith, mindset and society so that they could impart values to their children that are aligned with their faith and the way they were brought up because it is something that they cherish. Nonetheless, they still believe that any assistance and social services should be given on the basis of compassion and place an importance on the dignity of the individual, regardless of their sexuality. The tolerance and diversity that we have in Singapore is something that we have nurtured and built over the years. It exists today because the generations before us as well as the current generation agree that it is important for us to seek a compromise in our public spaces where advocacy does not necessarily mean that we need to tear down each other. (In English): On that note, I would like to finish off my speech to ask not just the Members of this House but Singaporeans at large – where do we go from here, with not just dealing with this repeal but other issues that may divide us? There are two paths.”
“So, we must ask ourselves, objectively, 15 years on, should we accept the legal untidiness and ambiguity, given that over the last 15 years, there has been little public interest in seeing section 377A enforced? From a legal perspective, it is not quite tenable for us to keep this dead letter law and I support the repeal. Sir, I have heard the concerns of those who are seeking for the definition of marriage between one man and one woman to be codified in the Constitution. However, the hon Minister for Social and Family Development has elaborated on why such an approach is not the right one for Singapore. For this reason, I can understand the intention of the introduction of Article 156 to the Constitution as part of a package of amendments which strives to reflect a balance – protecting the existing definition of marriage from constitutional challenges per the majority views today while leaving space for future generations to make their own decisions based on the contexts of their time. Sir, societies evolve over time and leaders must proactively respond to the conditions of the day. The Singapore I grew up in is different from the one of my parents and I can also appreciate that the Singapore which my children one day may grow up in could be unrecognisable from my lived experiences. To do this, while we may choose to educate and guide our families based on our own personal values, we ought to avoid passing down entrenched positions to future generations, especially in our secular shared space. Sir, in Malay, please. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Ever since Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong made an announcement about section 377A during National Day Rally 2022, many have been discussing this issue and expressed their support as well as their opposition.”
“In some countries, judicial activism has deepened polarisation in societies – for example, over immigration matters in Australia and abortion rights in the US. This also results in judicial appointments in themselves becoming politicised affairs. We should not foster this culture in Singapore and so I agree with the hon Minister for Social and Family Development on the approach of this Bill. I appreciate that we are dealing with this now. The decision made in 2007 to accept the legal untidiness and ambiguity of keeping the law on the books was the compromise struck by society at the time. Later in 2018, Attorney-General Lucien Wong affirmed the Public Prosecutor would not prosecute two consenting men for having sex in private, giving legal significance to the political compromise struck in 2007. Former Attorneys-General Walter Woon and VK Rajah also separately said it was not desirable for the Government and Parliament to direct the Attorney-General not to prosecute offences under section 377A. Following these comments, Attorney-General Lucien Wong clarified that the Public Prosecutor retains independence in deciding whether to pursue a case under section 377A. He shared that "while the Public Prosecutor is entitled to consider public policies in exercising his discretion, these do not fetter the exercise of prosecutorial discretion." In all the feedback I have received, many of our people, regardless of race, language or religion, agree that acts of intimacy between two consenting men do not make them criminals. We have also generally not seen public interest or organised groups for the active enforcement of section 377A. For most, the disagreement lies solely in if it should be repealed.”
“But loud does not always mean right and some may feel pressured into adopting a view. When issues are contentious, tribes are built and positions are entrenched and conversations quickly start from an adversarial place. This environment, if left unchecked, do not allow for people to build the capacity to discuss and debate with respect and reconcile even internal incongruence between faith, heart and mind before coming to their own considered position. While it may be just one section of law – and about consensual acts in private, no less – section 377A has come to represent much more for many over the years, concerning fundamental values of individuals in a visceral way. As elected representatives, we value every perspective shared with us. As such, this matter which has been debated in both public and private spaces for many years, even before the 2022 National Day Rally, belongs here in this House after years of consultation and engagement in both public and private spaces – not in the Courts, where judges must make decisions based on the information and facts presented before them, resulting in a binary decision. Laws and policies must be guided by a careful balancing of the scales, not having the scales tipped to one side or the other through judicial activism or driven by individuals with the resources to litigate. I will not belabour this point as it has been raised by hon colleagues such as Mr Murali Pillai yesterday. This process of a judiciary intervening actively in social issues may also signal an unwillingness of elected politicians to deal with such issues ourselves and leave such decisions to the Courts so that we do not have to assume responsibility for them.”
“Mr Speaker, Sir. I would like to start off my speech by highlighting the significance of this debate being held in this House. The separation of powers is a deeply rooted principle in our parliamentary tradition. Parliament makes the laws, the Executive administers the laws and the Judiciary interprets and applies the laws when disputes are brought before the Courts. In this House, regardless of personal beliefs, we are duty-bound to represent the different voices of Singaporeans. This is a responsibility that I do not take lightly. Over the past few months, a number of my residence in Cheng San-Seletar have written to me or even come down to my Meet-the-People Sessions to express that, while they do not believe that acts of intimacy between two consenting men should be a crime, they sincerely wish to preserve the definition and institution of family. Others have shared that removing criminality from homosexuality is long overdue, given that the law was introduced back in 1938. Some have also questioned if there is actually a real possibility of 377A being struck out by the Courts, while others have also worried about the wider ripples of this repeal, whether this has potential to change the way that marriage is defined in Singapore or how sexuality education will be taught to their children. I have also heard stories of gay youths facing discrimination in their friend groups or struggling to find acceptance among peers who do not have the capacity or vocabulary to understand them. And also of youths who hold more conservative beliefs who have been called out in schools. Sometimes, these disagreements occur online, hidden under the cloak of anonymity which emboldens individuals to speak carelessly.”
“Thank you, Mr Speaker, Sir, and to the Senior Minister of State for his replies. I have two follow-up supplementary questions. I understand that designating an area as a marine park may be seen as a large step, but there is also various interim measures which have been suggested, for example, in the 2018 Blue Plan. For example, more coordinated and integrated efforts between agencies, designating certain zones as protected, as well as more formal management systems for marine environments like seabeds and foreshores. Is the Ministry considering any of these suggestions, and if so, what is the progress of that? My second supplementary question is that given this is an emerging area where various expertise from maybe outside of Government may be helpful as well, and we see very diverse marine issues, for example, abandoned and lost fishing nets, marine pollution and so on, will the Ministry consider setting up a blue group to more formally work together on these specific issues, comprising researchers, civil society and so on?”
“I understand that, presently, this code of practice will only cover regulated OCS that MCI has determined as having significant reach or impact in Singapore. Here, I would like to ask how often the regulated OCS list will be reviewed in view of the development of social media applications and platforms, and how fast the information can be disseminated, so that any action will be taken decisively and visibly to mitigate the risk of harm to Singaporean users from exposure to harmful content and to inform their users to be responsible. While we may not be able to eradicate all harmful online content, with the introduction of this Bill and greater responsibility on the part of technology platforms, I hope we can make the Internet a safer place for everyone. However, legislation and actions taken by technology platforms alone are not enough. Parents should also educate children about proper conduct and ethics when they are online. At the same time, our community members, whether male or female, young or old, should not be afraid to lodge a report if they encounter any harmful content. (In English): Deputy Speaker, Sir, the digital landscape is constantly changing and regulations will always be playing catch-up to realities on the ground. The flexibility in the Bill demonstrates an awareness of this, allowing legislators room to respond to emerging needs and OCS providers with some leeway and timelines to address cases, depending on each circumstance's complexity. Moving forward, it is likely that further amendments may be needed to respond to new developments in the digital space. Any new regulations should be developed as a whole-of-society effort, in consultation with the people and private sectors, too. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I support the Bill.”
“While I agree it would be appropriate for access to extremely harmful content to be disabled in Singapore – for example, when misinformation outrightly serves to sow discord between different faiths or promote violence and harms – this is only loosely described and illustrated in the Bill and consultations. This could be problematic and I also wonder whether certain forms of satirical or creative content may be affected. When it comes to regulation in this space, there are no easy answers. I recognise that in the ever-changing online space, egregious content can take many forms and, hence, it might be desirable for legislators to retain some flexibility when defining the parameters. However, in borderline cases, whose standard of egregious content will prevail? Will there be a committee or council to decide on these boundaries? As the Internet develops and new types of content emerge, will a deliberative body be set up to monitor and revise the definition of "egregious content"? How will such a body consult with Singaporeans to shape changes to these definitions to ensure that the standards of egregious content are widely accepted? Mr Deputy Speaker, in Malay, please. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Last year, a survey of an obscene nature involving 12 female relief teachers was uploaded on a social media platform. What was even more disappointing was that over 1,000 people took part in the survey. This was a very appalling act and an affront to the dignity of women. Many women grapple with online dangers and it could cause long-term trauma. In addition, we have also read accounts of photos or videos of women, ex-girlfriends or ex-wives being uploaded on social media as a form of revenge or simply for entertainment.”
“Sir, I have heard concerned parents debating the merits of confiscating the mobile phones of their children to prevent them from seeing such information. But banning Internet access from our youths today is unrealistic, if not impossible. It also fails to educate and empower them. I continue to believe that more can be done to support minors to make informed decisions about Internet content which is age-appropriate for their consumption and hope that we will continue to evaluate whether age verification is an appropriate measure to be introduced. I note that, in the Bill, there are references to restrictions protecting children of different age groups and, indeed, the knowledge of a 13-year-old would differ from that of an 18-year-old. I would be grateful if the Ministry could share some examples of age-appropriate restrictions and how these are differentiated. Of course, regulating providers is only one side of the equation. Consumers of online content need to be savvy, too, and guardians need to be educated so that they are more aware of the cyber risks that their children are exposed to and feel confident to support minors. MCI has previously pointed to useful resources by the Media Literacy Council and I hope that more proactive steps are taken to directly reach out to parents and educate them. I look forward to hearing more about the Government's future efforts in this area. Lastly, I would like to seek clarification on the definitions of egregious content. One section of the Bill lays out the state's enhanced ability to regulate online communication services if they are found to display egregious content, including content advocating suicide or self-harm, physical or sexual violence, terrorism and so on.”