Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim
Singapore
“As a society, we need to ensure that no family is trapped by their circumstances, no child is defined by their starting point, no potential goes unrealised and no hope beyond reach. This is not just a social policy; it is a moral responsibility.”
“Will the Ministry set up clear timelines, audit and review mechanisms and public reporting expectations for these enhancements, so that agencies are held to consistent standards across, and families can have this confidence and trust, especially in suspected child abuse cases, so that they are not missed or delayed in reporting?”
“Thank you, Mr Speaker. And I thank the Minister. I had a supplementary question on humanitarian aid assistance and I am heartened to hear that Singapore will continue to work with the international bodies, and at the same time maintain the safety of our humanitarian workers there.”
“Thank you, Sir. I thank the Minister for the Statement. I do agree that identity politics would be disastrous for Singapore, especially minorities. And I thank him for the Statement.”
“Sir, I thank Minister Josephine Teo, Minister of State Faishal Ibrahim and Minister of State Sun Xueling for laying out the clear and comprehensive plans and priorities for MHA.”
“Sir, I thank Minister Edwin Tong and Minister of State Murali Pillai for their clear clarifications and plans for MinLaw and for our fellow Singaporeans. Sir, the law is the tool, but justice is the ideal. I thank the staff and officers of MinLaw for making access to justice the ideal for our Singaporeans.”
The complete record
Every one of 418 lines we hold for Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim, in date order, each linked to its source. Free to read, in full, without an account. Page 8 of 9.
“Thank you, Deputy Speaker, Sir. I have just one clarification. On protection for our uniformed Police officers, is there any special recourse or compensation for them, in the event that they get hurt in the course of the disorderly conduct by a member of the public?”
“Now, almost anyone, including parents or a proxy on behalf of the parents, can provide the child's birth particulars to ICA for registration within 42 days from the date of birth. I have two clarifications in this regard. Firstly, I seek the same clarifications I sought before on the categories of responsible persons to report deaths here. Similarly, for the reporting of births. Secondly, I have compared section 7(2)(e) on the reporting of births in any other places with section 22(2)(d) on reporting of deaths in any other places. For reporting of births in any other places, the responsibility falls squarely on the parents only. However, for reporting of deaths in any other places, the responsibility falls on, inter alia, every relative of the deceased person who knows of the death. What is MHA’s rationale for this distinction? Can MHA also consider placing the obligation of reporting of birth on a relative of the parents who knows or have knowledge of such birth? This will be useful in situations where the parents themselves breach such registration requirements and where the birth did not occur in the premises which are occupied by relatives. My last clarification is a general one on ICA's own resourcing. Under the new rules, ICA officers would take over investigation of offences relating to the registration of births and deaths. Would ICA be forming a new department in this regard? If not, under which department would such investigations fall under? In conclusion, Mr Speaker, I support this Bill as it provides greater ease of death registrations and it is a step in the right direction to mandate registration of births.”
“Firstly, I share the same concerns raised by hon Member Mr Derrick Goh on costs. Would there be any safeguards against extra charges or costs to be borne since doctors are now not only certifying deaths, but they are also helping to submit the certification online? Secondly, on categories of responsible persons to report the death under section 22, would the definition of an occupier also extend to persons who have the power or access to such premises, for example, landlords or warehouse owners? Thirdly, in cases where there is more than one responsible person, section 22(4) discharges responsibility of every other responsible persons by the compliance of just one responsible person, even if there was an earlier opportunity to report by that other person. Would it be useful for ICA to still retain some powers to investigate non-reporting offences in cases where there are more than one responsible person who can report? For example, take the case if person A could have made the report earlier in time but deliberately did not do so and, subsequently, person B reported the death. By section 22(4), person A would have been absolved from liability, notwithstanding that his deliberate omission goes against the mandatory requirement of reporting "as soon as practicable after the death" and the intent of the Bill to promote expeditious reporting. On the registration of births, I welcome the amendments to make it mandatory for all births to be reported. Currently, all hospital births, or children brought to the hospital within 24 hours of being born, are reported but it is not mandatory for births outside of hospitals to be reported to the authorities.”
“This is, perhaps, due to COVID-19 restrictions and also because new flats are less sizeable and have space limitations, making it difficult for the deceased person’s family to make funeral arrangements and perform funeral prayers in their own home. Therefore, mosques have been helping to make between eight and 10 funeral arrangements daily. With Singapore’s ageing population, this may increase in the future. The implementation of digital technology put forth in this Bill will help to reduce the likelihood of mistakes in the death registration process that may be caused by human error. Allow me to give one example. I was informed about a case last year that happened at the Pusara Aman Mosque. In the hustle and bustle of funeral arrangements, an error occurred in one of the death registrations, where the signature and reference number columns were not filled in by the agency and the family of the deceased person. Due to that, the burial could not proceed on the same day until the certificate was corrected. The Police and family of the deceased person eventually re-registered the death and obtained a new certificate. However, by the time the process was completed, it was too late in the day and the burial could only take place the next day. Therefore, I welcome the provisions in this Bill that will help to expedite and facilitate the death registration process in Singapore. With this, I hope that it will also mitigate the risk of errors occurring during registration. I also support the provisions that require all deaths in Singapore to be reported as soon as practicable. [Mr Speaker in the Chair] (In English): Notwithstanding my support for the Bill, I would like to seek some clarifications. On the registration of deaths, I have four clarifications.”
“Mdm Deputy Speaker, I welcome the amendments that come with this Bill. The Bill will not only streamline the process and help the registration of births and deaths through the use of digital platforms but, more importantly, it will also help reduce the possibility of errors and quicken the administrative process for registration of deaths within which grieving families have to go through to lay their loved ones to rest. Allow me to speak in Malay. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] This Bill will enable doctors to certify and manage the registration of deaths online without requiring the relative of the deceased person to register at the hospital, police station or ICA. This will help to simplify and expedite the funeral arrangements process. The process of funeral arrangements and burial is an important one for Muslims. It is a collective religious obligation of Muslims and it is a priority for our community to complete this process without delay, so that the burial can take place as soon as practicable. The Pusara Aman Mosque near the Pusara Aman Cemetery, which is also located within the Keat Hong ward in Chua Chu Kang, is one of several mosques that actively serve Muslims in our country by providing facilities for funeral arrangements before burial takes place at the Pusara Aman Cemetery. In fact, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the previous circuit breaker period, our mosques like the Pusara Aman Mosque are also busy serving those in our community whose family members have passed away. During my visits, I was informed that the mosques also saw an increase in funeral arrangements done within the mosque compound as compared to last time.”
“In this regard, perhaps, it would be useful to consider a limit on the maximum number of LPAs on which someone can be appointed as a donee. Another aspect to look out for is the relationship between the donor and the donee or the lack of one. Having donees who are non-family members, or who are no longer directly related by virtue of a divorce or a re-marriage, may give rise to potential misunderstandings or conflicts in the future. In this regard, it would be useful to consider requiring CIs to meet potential donees in person too and not just the donors. Not only can the CIs ascertain the mental capacity of the donees but they can also raise the red flag to OPG if the donee to be appointed is a non-family member or if there is anything amiss. It would also be useful if OPG is updated when there has been a change in the relationship between the donor and the donee. In this regard, may I ask if there is a database or system for OPG to be updated once the donee on an LPA ceases to be a family member, by virtue of divorce or has predeceased the donor? In conclusion, Mdm Deputy Speaker, notwithstanding the clarifications, I support this Bill as it is a step in the right direction to greater access and protection for donors. 5.41 pm”
“Perhaps, it is useful to have such a general requirement and to make it mandatory for banks and real estate firms, who handle LPA-related transactions, to keep OPG or their regulators informed once a request to exercise LPA is made by a donee. Secondly, on protection for certificate issuers. I agree with MSF's retention of requirement for a donor to visit the LPA Certificate Issuer (CI) in person because this will ensure the donor understands the scope and purpose of the LPA. However, I think it is equally important that the CI meets the donee as well. I would like to propose to make it a requirement for the CI to meet the donee, to ascertain if the donee himself or herself is a person who has mental capacity to carry out the said powers on behalf of the donor. Furthermore, by having the CI meet the donee, this will also help the CI to flag to OPG if the donee already is a donee on other LPAs. I agree with and understand MSF's reasoning to protect confidentiality and only disclose the number of LPAs on which the donee has been appointed, and that the choice is, ultimately, up to the donor. However, the capability and adequacy of the donee in exercising such powers may be limited if he or she is to administer various matters on behalf of several donors who have lost their mental capacity at the same time. Surely, there is a limit to human abilities and dedication of time. It would, thus, be useful to consider a requirement for the CI to highlight to OPG when facing donees who are multiple donees. OPG can then subsequently follow up and advise the donor that the chosen donee is a multiple donee, and if they want, they can make his or her informed choice.”
“Mdm Deputy Speaker, I welcome the amendments and support the Bill. An electronic transaction system will allow for faster and more secure registration for donors' benefit. This will also reduce the possibility of errors. However, I would like to introduce several proposals, to further safeguard the interests of all parties involved and, at the same time, to protect the reputation and integrity of the Office of the Public Guardian (OPG) and Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA) system. I am speaking from my own experiences as a pro bono lawyer helping laypersons make and file their LPAs. Firstly, on protection for donors. Currently, donees make an online declaration not equivalent to a Statutory Declaration, before submitting information to third parties. I would like to ask whether it is necessary for the donees to produce medical reports which certify that donors have lost their mental capacities first before they can exercise powers under the LPAs? If the medical report is not mandatory, I would like to propose to make it a requirement for donees to inform OPG and produce medical reports which certify that the donors have lost their mental capacities before the donees exercise the powers under the LPAs. Bodies like the Association of Banks Singapore and Council for Estate Agencies already require donees to first produce medical reports, which show that the donor has lost his or her mental capacity. This is a requirement before he or she can exercise the powers under the LPA. Alternatively, the donee can be required to submit a Statutory Declaration to confirm that the donor has been certified by a doctor to lack mental capacity.”
“Thank you, Mr Chairman. I have a few sets of clarifications to ask. One, perhaps addressed to Senior Minister of State Zaqy Mohamad, I am quite excited by the announcement of Kelas Siap Sekolah (KSS), the pilot by MENDAKI. Perhaps the Senior Minister of State can share a bit more on what the age range and what are the minute details for this KSS programme. Secondly, in terms of the MENDAKI-MUIS Preschool Grant – it is meant to encourage co-savings and was announced last year – whether they are any updates as to the take-up rate. Lastly, this is for Minister Masagos Zulkifli. I filed a few Parliamentary Questions on the halal certification and I am quite heartened by the response by the Minister on 1 February that MUIS is engaging all stakeholders and foreign halal certification bodies (FHCBs), and that the details for the review will be announced later this year. I would just like to ask whether there is any progress and whether considerations can be made to the implementation of the ASEAN Cooperation Action Plan on Halal Food and the establishment of the international Halal authority body during the course of this review.”
“What are MENDAKI's or M3's plans to support the aspirations of our youths so that they will continue to actively contribute to society? Pre-school Education (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] When I was the Chairman of M3 at Chua Chu Kang, the KMM programme had a good response in terms of high enrolment. It teaches children not only numeracy skills but also equip parents with important learning techniques. Learning requires an orderly, supportive and positive environment both within and outside the classroom. And the best predictor of student success is the involvement of parents. When parents are involved in their children's learning, the children show interest and better academic performance. In the three years since the establishment of KMM, how many have benefited from the KMM programme? How far has KMM helped in terms of teaching and parenting skills? What are the efforts by Mendaki and M3 to continue equipping students and parents for an educational landscape that is quickly evolving?”
“Mr Chairman, in Malay, please. Continuing Support for Youths (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Chairman, students, teachers and parents were all affected by the school closure during Circuit Breaker. Many had to get used to home-based learning. Despite the situation getting better, we do not know when this pandemic will end. For now, social distancing measures remain. The mental health of our youth will be further tested with the increased risk of hacking cases and cyber-bullying and social media cases. This April is the second time that our community will welcome the month of Ramadan amidst COVID-19. Previously, many in the community, including our youth, energized our mosques and social service organisations with volunteer activities during the whole of Ramadan. All of these changes and experiences may have a long-term effect on our youth. It may not only cause stress and isolation tendencies, but also may shape the character of our entire youth generation. And consequently, our community's future. Let us not allow our youth to feel alienated from the institutions of our community and their aspirations. Here I would like to convey the desire of many Malay/Muslim youths who dream of a future where opportunities and employment is widely available for them based on their potential and capabilities; regardless of their lineage, beliefs or appearance. While we build our youth's capability to adapt and seize the opportunities in a post-pandemic world, we cannot lose sight in giving support and encouragement to them, be it in terms of education, character building or religion. This is for them to achieve their dreams and aspiration.”
“Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I filed a Parliamentary Question on this, so I thought it is an opportune time for me to raise it. I thank the Minister of State for sharing the three-prong approach to better protect our foreign domestic workers here. I have two clarifications on touchpoints. I propose that perhaps to increase the touchpoints or whether or not there can be some mandatory requirement for the employment agencies to have some responsibilities throughout the period of employment of the foreign domestic workers. Secondly, beyond physical health, maybe we should also look at the mental health and the state of mind of the of the foreign domestic workers, whether there can be any checks in terms of psychological treatment and counselling for the workers during the period of time? If the task force can can take a look at those areas as well.”
“Mr Chairman, I am the final speaker, but I am speaking on a different kind of ending – ending domestic violence. Domestic violence, particularly those committed against young children, the elderly and people with mental and physical disabilities must be eradicated. Economic hardships are a trigger for more abuse in a relationship. During this pandemic, many survivors of domestic violence feel that they can no longer seek refuge at the home of a friend or relative, for fear they could expose them to the virus. How can we encourage an environment of support whereby neighbours, family members and schools, help to look out for the vulnerable group in our society? We have also to ensure that our Social Service Agency (SSAs) remain financially strong. They may be under pressure from increased demand and reduced number of volunteers coming forward to help. As we track the secondary effects of this pandemic, we must consider the impact on family violence and prioritise services. What are the plans and recommendations for engagements with stakeholders following the formation of the taskforce to tackle family violence? Would the taskforce also be looking beyond family violence, but also domestic violence in general which would include intimate partner violence and violence against other vulnerable groups like foreign domestic workers and the elderly?”
“I thank the Minister for Law for that very clear statement. As an advocate to end domestic violence, I really appreciate the statements made. I have two clarifications. One on the guidelines themselves, second on the composition of this advisory panel. On the guidelines, I understand that the guidelines are non-binding but highly persuasive. In the UK, they amended the Evidence Act to make those guidelines binding upon the courts but the courts can depart from them if it is in the course of justice to do so. But if I may offer another alternative position used in the Victorian courts, where the panel themselves can be invited by the court of appeal to provide some views before the sentencing of a particular case. I say this so that we do not shut out any possibility or flexibility to cater to evolving societal needs and specific individual cases. On the second part, the composition of the panel, I ask the Ministry to consider a diversity, both in terms of gender and also expertise. In the UK, it is about 60% women but also entirely made up of legal professionals and judiciary. But in Victoria, it is about 50% women but comprising victims, crime support advocacy groups and also criminal justice professionals. Perhaps the Minister can see whether the Ministry can consider such diversity in the panel.”
“Thank you, Speaker. I thank the Minister for the clarifications and update. We look forward to the recommendations and report from the council on that. On this front, because it is a community wakaf, and we need to make sure the barriers to entry will be as low as possible to get big, massive support and to encourage this legacy of altruism amongst our community, I hope that the council will also review and consider a more comprehensive dispute resolution framework for which any dispute arising out of a community wakaf can be dealt with either via mediation or arbitration within the framework of AMLA and under the purview of the Syariah Court, if possible.”
“Mr Speaker, Sir, I thank the Minister of State for the clarification and answer. I understand that there is a guideline and a framework for the reporting and identifying of child abuse cases amongst Primary school students. What I am concerned with would be the voiceless amongst the vulnerables. That is, the Primary school students who will not be able to voice out in terms of abuse or any trauma that they are facing. I would like to ask the Minister of State whether the Ministry can consider any art therapy or other indirect counselling sessions to identify these signs of trauma or child abuse. For instance, perhaps, we can equip students with some form of indirect messaging to signal that they are facing such problems. For instance, in Poland and in certain countries, they have "Signalling for Help" – you put your thumb between these two fingers and show it as a sign that there is some form of violence happening in the home. This can be happening during a Zoom call or session. These are the kinds of things that perhaps Primary school students can be more aware of, that they should not be rendered voiceless and helpless.”
“COVID-19 may just be the catalyst of change for our legal profession. Due to COVID-19, legal courts have undergone speedy digitisation. Virtual hearings are now being undertaken. Last week, I just finished an international court trial with a presiding judge in London. With the new changes and challenges faced by the legal profession today, how is the Ministry of Law equipping practitioners, firms and law students for the future? Separately, Singapore Academy of Law’s Future Law Innovation Programme called FLIP, had aimed to drive innovation and adoption of new technology amongst law firms in Singapore. I would like to ask the Minister, are there any updates on FLIP or similar programmes to spur innovation and technology among law firms and practitioners in Singapore? Mediation and Arbitration in Singapore”
“Chairman, the crises brought on by COVID-19 has contributed to significant worldwide increases in domestic violence cases. Many studies have highlighted the acute vulnerabilities particularly faced by single mothers, foreign domestic workers and foreign spouses. The most vulnerable are children, who do not have the knowledge and means to escape from the clutches of their abusers. The situation is much more complex when the perpetrators are the care-givers and the cases go unreported. Domestic violence goes beyond the family but also include intimate partner violence and violence against other vulnerable groups like foreign domestic workers and the elderly. A research study on intimate partner violence and the Global Financial Crisis in the United States found that unemployment and economic hardship were related to abusive behaviour. How does MinLaw intend to provide more support for enhancing access to justice for vulnerable groups? In particular, are there any plans to enhance current protection for elderly persons, persons with mental or physical disabilities, or young children, especially in situations where the perpetrator was the primary care-giver? Would the Ministry consider the replacement of the definition of "family violence" in the Women’s Charter with "domestic violence" to include intimate partner violence and violence against others in a household notwithstanding the lack of any familial relationship? After all, violence is violence, whether inflicted on a spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend or a partner. Legal Aid for Economically Vulnerables”
“Thank you, Mdm Chairman, for the indulgence. I have two clarifications, if I may. The first is in regard to radicalised youths. I think this question would be for Second Minister Josephine Teo. Perhaps, can we get some clarity as to what would be MHA's rehabilitation approach for radicalised youths? My second clarification is in respect of the rehabilitation and reintegration of ex-offenders. If I may ask Minister of State Faishal Ibrahim, he covered it in his speech. How has COVID-19 affected the number of ex-offenders and inmates securing jobs right before release or after release? Has there been a drop because of COVID-19?”
“Every year, about 10,000 inmates complete their sentence and are released. Up to 2019, Yellow Ribbon Singapore (YRSG), formerly known as SCORE, has helped 96% of offenders in securing jobs with competitive salaries even before their release. However, only around 81% of them have retained their jobs within the first three months of release and another 64% within the first six months. The first few months after release are critical for an ex-offender, during which the risk of becoming homeless and/or recidivism is high. Hence, YRSG's strategy of securing employment and job retention is extremely crucial to re-integration efforts of ex-offenders into society. Beyond employment, a key part is also rehabilitation of ex-offenders with support of their families. Many studies have proven that family relationships play a pivotal role to prevent recidivism. The situation is more pressing when dealing with ex-drug offenders who may face not only social stigma but other psychological issues. When I was volunteering with AMP Singapore, with the support of MHA, we launched the Development and Re-integration Programme, which provides individualised intervention plans and financial and socio-educational assistance for both the ex-offenders and their families. It is important that services provided to the ex-offenders and their families are tailored to their individual needs. With economic disruptions due to the pandemic and as strategic partners come under financial pressure to reduce their workforce, what are the steps taken by and future plans of MHA to rehabilitate ex-offenders, especially those with drug offences and to enhance their employability in this global pandemic and economic situation? Helping Ex-offenders”
“Chairman, we live in an era where access to Internet is readily available anytime, anywhere. Disinformation is easily sourced and used to influence others. The risk of influence is higher upon youths. An Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) paper in 2019 found that almost half of youths aged 18 to 25 are open to religious extremists publishing their views on the Internet or social media. This is compared to just more than a quarter across all age groups. Fresh on everyone's mind was the timely discovery and detention of a Singaporean youth who was influenced by the 2019 Christchurch attack. The online content he had accumulated, was sufficient for him to embark on an extensive plan, to target and harm Muslims. On the other hand, a self-radicalised Muslim youth went from being an ISIS supporter in 2017, to becoming a star student for his GCE "N" levels in 2021 following successful rehabilitation. He was given various support, psychological and religious counselling by trained experts from the Religious Rehabilitation Group (RRG). What is in common is, that both of these youths were assessed to have a weak understanding of Islam. Misperceptions and misunderstandings of religion can thus lead to radicalisation among our youths. With increasing exposure among our youths to radicalised views and deliberate efforts of disinformation around the world, what are the steps and countermeasures taken by MHA to engage all our communities, better prepare our society and safeguard Singapore from such threats?”
“Mr Chairman, last year, Singapore and China celebrated the 30th anniversary of the establishment of our diplomatic relations. Singapore's economy depends heavily on trade and China is Singapore's biggest trading partner. In December 2020, both countries came together for the 16th Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation. It is the highest level of bilateral platforms between both countries. Connectivity, digitalisation and sustainable development are increasingly critical areas for collaboration in a post-COVID-19 world. We have to ensure that the Singapore-China economic relationship is mutually beneficial and not one which is a win-lose. Does COVID-19 have an adverse impact on existing areas of cooperation? What is the state of our relations with China and the progress of our government-to-government projects? Singapore-China Relations”
“Chairman, Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei are interlinked across social, economic, political, and security fronts. Singapore and Malaysia share a close relationship where many of our citizens live and work in both countries. Prior to the pandemic, more than 300,000 travellers crossed the Causeway every day. Despite the pandemic, bilateral cooperation between the governments of Singapore and Malaysia has resulted in the formation of the Reciprocal Green Lane (RGL) and Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA) travel schemes. However, given the resurgence of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia, Singapore has suspended the RGL for a period of three months, beginning from February 2021. Given the disruptions to cross-border flows, could MFA explain how we have maintained our close linkages? Brunei is another close neighbour with whom we share a special relationship. Singapore and Brunei have long-standing arrangements such as the Currency Interchangeability Agreement and also cooperate extensively in defence, finance, trade and investment. In March 2020, the Singapore Government contributed 3,000 diagnostic tests and one PCR machine to support the Brunei Government's fight against COVID-19. In April 2020, a joint ministerial statement released by nine countries, including Singapore and Brunei, affirmed commitment to ensuring supply chain connectivity, to facilitate the flow of goods including essential supplies, amidst COVID-19. In September 2020, Singapore and Brunei initiated a RGL to facilitate essential business and official travel for residents from both countries. I would like to ask the Minister, what are the latest developments in Singapore-Brunei relations? Relations with Indonesia and Africa”
“As Singapore works towards emerging stronger from this crisis and adapting ourselves to a post-COVID-19 world, Total Defence will remain indispensable to a united Singapore. However, the success of Total Defence is contingent upon active participation and engagement by all parts of society, including the Government, businesses, communities and individuals. COVID-19 has made all the more evident that we must continue to build resilience in our people and community. In order for Singapore to prevail over other existential threats to come, it is important that we fortify the resilience of the entire community. How is MINDEF supporting and empowering Singaporeans to play an even greater role in Total Defence so that the country can emerge stronger together?”
“Chairman, Since its introduction in 1984, Total Defence has played an important role in our society. It was recognised early on that threats, not just military threats, will impact Singaporeans from all walks of life. Ensuring that Singapore is safe and secure is not simply the duty of MINDEF and the SAF, and it is truly a whole-of-nation effort. It is important that all Singaporeans are involved in conversations about Total Defence and about defence issues that impact everyone's lives, including National Service. The SG Together movement has initiated Singapore Together Emerging Stronger Conversations in August 2020, where views may differ but all strive towards a common goal. At the Committee of Supply last year, then Senior Minister of State for Defence Dr Maliki Osman spoke about how MINDEF would conduct a series of engagement sessions as part of the SG Together movement to hear Singaporeans on how all of us can do better to put Total Defence in action. This past year has been challenging for all of us and I have been heartened to see Singaporeans from all walks of life step up and help each other through difficult times. In light of the difficulties that we are faced with in the midst of this pandemic, I am interested to hear what Singaporeans had to say about keeping Singapore safe and secure and about how to strengthen Total Defence and NS. What are the outcomes from these engagement sessions and how will MINDEF take public views and suggestions forward? Emerging Stronger with Total Defence Today, the COVID-19 crisis has tested Total Defence and the collective strength and unity of our society. We had to strike a balance between ensuring sufficient medical supplies, defending the nation from external dangers and protecting our relations with other countries.”
“Chairman, permission to take both of my cuts together.”
“We cannot stand for vulnerable groups in our society to be devoid of hope. Hence, we should speak up for them. We cannot kick the can down the road for our children to tackle climate change. Hence, we should tackle it now for them. I am glad that this is the spirit of Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat’s Budget Statement and it has underscored the actions that will be taken right here, right now. The theme of this Budget 2021 "Emerging Stronger Together" resonates with me. Because if we persevere, stay the course and navigate through the storm, then we will be the ones making the waves in this ocean. Mr Speaker, I support this Budget.”
“Other possible incentives can be to lower ERP rates for EVs and, with future technology, there can be a "progressive" road tax model that charges vehicles not only on time spent on the roads but also on actual carbon emission. On adoption of EVs, I suggest the Public Service should lead the way by having more EVs and EV charging stations in its premises. Mr Speaker, Sir, allow me to say a few words in Malay before I conclude my speech. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] This Budget aims to build on last year’s efforts. We are not yet free from this pandemic. In fact, without last year's budget and support schemes, our economic situation and employment rates this year would have been much worse, unlike the current situation. So, we are not only grateful for the effort, toil and sweat of our frontline workers, but we should also thank all segments of society who have come together to pool their energies and ideas with the Government, to face and combat this pandemic together. One of the focus areas of this Budget is to further strengthen the social compact of our country. This cannot be achieved without the help of all communities. Each of us plays an important role. Here, I share a quatrain: This quatrain depicts a highly regarded Malay warrior who is seen as a beacon for those who are struggling to stay afloat or need support to survive. So, let us all help those in need to stay afloat and give them support. (In English): Mr Speaker, Sir, in summary, we cannot let the difficulties faced by businesses to spiral downwards. Hence, I am glad that there are targeted schemes to help them. We cannot allow disappointment of laid off workers to turn to despair. Hence, we should work to reskill them.”
“I applaud the Government’s Green Plan 2030, particularly on agri-food technology, green financing and electric vehicles. Keat Hong is home to many of our local farms in Lim Chu Kang and Kranji. Hence, the $60 million fund to boost production in the agri-food sector is welcomed. I hope that this will spur adoption of technology and make our food security more resilient. Next, the plan to support green financing with up to $19 billion of public sector green projects is a good start. The green bond market is a growing and innovative market, which has grown from US$1.5 billion in 2007 to surpassing US$100 billion in 2019. Green bonds attract a new base of investors and it can advance adoption of innovative new technologies and finance projects that provide green jobs. Last year, Keat Hong CC played host to a Sustainable Job Fair organised by South West CDC, SembCorp Industries and e2i. It was the first-of-its kind sustainable jobs discovery in the heartlands and part of the South West CDC’s efforts to aggregate jobs in the growing sustainability sector, such as the solar and clean energy. Many thanks to Mayor Low Yen Ling for this. On green financing, I propose a public awareness campaign on the Singapore Green Plan and building strong partnerships with banks and investors in the region. Green bonds in our region, also extend to non-conventional bonds, like Green Sukuk as well. Lastly, on electric vehicles or EVs, as stated in my previous filed Parliamentary Question, we should not only look at the infrastructure, but also the legislation and regulatory framework to mandate possibly the installation of more EV charging stations in private residential and commercial carparks.”
“I am thus happy that Budget 2021 focuses on strengthening our social compact, with the expansion of ComLink, greater support for children with special needs and assistance to lower income households through various schemes. There are some groups, however, that still require more targeted assistance than others. First, ex-offenders, upon prison release, face not only social stigma but real struggle to obtain and retain jobs in this already harsh economic climate. Second, our youths are now exposed to more radicalised views and deliberate efforts of disinformation around the world. We need to actively engage them and have them invested in their stake here in Singapore. And third, families, due to significant economic pressures, are more exposed to domestic violence. We must do what we can to protect vulnerable groups, like children under the age of 12 or those with mental and physical disabilities. I welcome the greater resources for these vulnerable groups and those facing domestic violence. Rehabilitation and reintegration efforts for ex-offenders, especially those with drug offences, must be done in concert with their families and strategic social and business partners. We can also adopt technology to tackle recidivism. For instance, a US-based app called Pokket SM, facilitates information sharing and coordination among case workers, probation officers and ex-offenders. Through connecting justice agencies and human service providers, it encourages and sustains self-sufficiency and accountability. The third part of my speech is on sustainability for future generations. If COVID-19 is a crisis of a generation, then climate change is a crisis for all generations.”
“I think that maintaining and strengthening relations with our immediate neighbours will be more critical than ever to overcome the socio-economic impact of COVID-19, particularly in ASEAN. I have two proposals here. First, we should look and work towards having more travel bubbles with strategic countries as the situation improves. This promotes not only more business travels and encourage more Singaporeans to take advantage of overseas opportunities, but it would also allow the flow of people and reconnection of families who have been kept apart in this pandemic. Second, we have to invest in Singapore’s long-term infrastructure to prepare ourselves against future pandemics even after we see the end of this one, which may be another four to five years away. For instance, with Connect@Changi, quarantine-free business travel is made possible. It is hoped that aviation, tourism and retail businesses can benefit from it, thereby enabling gradual economic recovery. The second part – strengthening our social fabric. We have started living life more normally with less restrictions, at an earlier time compared to other countries. And as we recover and adapt ourselves to a post-COVID-19 world, we have to engage and empower Singaporeans to play an even greater role in our Total Defence. We should tap on our strengths as a multi-racial society. An SMU study had found that people living in more racially diverse neighbourhoods are more likely to lend a helping hand to others in need. Their surroundings made them appreciate that they are all members of a collective and broadened their sense of identity, enabling them to see others as their own.”
“Mr Speaker, we are at an important part of our nation’s recovery from one of the deepest economic downturns ever experienced, due to COVID-19. While we have steadied the ship, this storm is far from over. Although the wind is still not behind our sails, we are making headway. However, we face significant headwinds when, all around us, the pandemic is still raging. Turbulent times still lay ahead on the horizon. In my maiden speech last year, I spoke about strengthening connections and the building blocks of our society in these uncertain times. Hence, I welcome this Budget which focuses on strengthening our people, our businesses and our reserves for the future as we emerge stronger together. I will be elaborating in the Committee of Supply debates but, for now, I will broadly outline three areas that we should strengthen: first, our relations with neighbouring countries; second, our social fabric as one united Singapore; and third, sustainability for our future generations. The first part. The Council of Foreign Relations stated in April 2020: “Singapore, one of the world’s wealthiest and most trade-dependent countries, punches above its weight in regional and global affairs”. This does not happen overnight or by chance, but by deliberate design, decisive actions and purposeful policies over the years. Singapore’s economy depends heavily on trade. In times of crisis, however, some nations tend to look inwards, preferring protectionism over partnerships, sheer competition over collaborations. We cannot afford to do that. COVID-19 has reinforced how important it is for Singapore to continue to play an active role internationally and deepen our interactions with key stakeholders and other countries.”
“I thank the Senior Minister of State for the response and the comprehensive details on the grants and benefits available. I just wanted to explain the premise of my question. There was a 2016 survey in Singapore about general family care-givers, that showed that half of those care-givers were in the economically-active group; they are below 50 years old. And one in five of those care-givers had to give up their jobs to care for the aged relatives; and one in four reported a worsening of their financial position because of that. These are the negative eventualities of embarking on this care-giving journey. I understand that there is no limit for withdrawal from the patients' own MediSave, but would the Ministry also look into increasing the withdrawal limits for care-givers or perhaps also removing any limits for those care-givers for CPF withdrawals for the purposes of assisting in paying for the relative's medical expenses?”
“I would not wedge the safety of my daughters or anyone's daughters – you can bet your bottom dollar on that. With that, Mdm Deputy Speaker, I support this Bill.”
“I have previously spoke about how we should, as a society, stand together to end violence and crimes committed against children and vulnerable groups. Perhaps we should leave the door slightly open for the Police or the law enforcement agencies to seek a specific Court order to allow the use of data in exceptional cases, especially when it will help to investigate offences committed against children or specific groups. I also believe that this will act as a deterrent to offenders who take advantage by hiding under the proverbial cloak of data privacy. Ultimately, this debate is not about fighting crimes. It is about fighting the COVID-19 pandemic together as a nation. However, the two objectives are not mutually exclusive. I believe that there is still great public confidence in TraceTogether and SafeEntry, because it has helped us to contain the spread of the pandemic in our country effectively. Let us not let this issue of data privacy distract us from what is at stake here. We still have a long way to go in our fight against this pandemic, with the vaccination program being rolled out. We have to fight together as one and not allow any seeds of doubt to fester in our communities that will erode trust in our nation’s efforts to combat this pandemic and fight crimes at the same time. As the saying goes, "united we stand, divided we fall". (In English): Mdm Deputy Speaker, this debate will shape how we treat other issues surrounding privacy of data in the future. This legislation, however, is a temporary compromise, at least until the pandemic is over and it makes clear what can or cannot be used by the Police in its investigations. I am glad that we have that line drawn clearly in the sand, before we cross too far and get lost in the desert.”
“The fact that the TraceTogether did not consider the application of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) shows that the contact tracing tool was never designed for criminal investigations purposes in the first place. Why not have a blanket exclusion of such data from criminal investigations? I do not think we should go down this path because these are serious offences – the stakes are just too high. Mdm Deputy Speaker, in Malay, please. (In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] The success of TraceTogether is dependent on public trust and confidence. This debate has clarified how Police investigative powers, when using TraceTogether and SafeEntry data, are limited to only serious offences. For someone who is under investigation for serious offences, the Police would have to firstly seize his or her mobile device, or TraceTogether token, before accessing the data, since the data is stored on his or her device. It is thus not a hidden attempt or something that is unknown to the individual. Nevertheless, to further protect the rights of privacy of the individual, perhaps the Ministry can consider a dedicated channel within the PDPC to investigate any complaints of TraceTogether data access breaches made by any party. Another suggestion is in regards to the category of serious offences. While I agree that these seven categories are egregious offences, I would like to ask the Ministry to consider that crimes or offences against children under the age 14 or vulnerable persons, to be considered as offences that are serious enough to be included in this Bill. This includes those who by reason of their mental or physical incapacity, are unable to protect himself or herself.”
“There is no doubt that contact tracing is vital in our fight against this pandemic and with more people using the app, the more effective our contact tracing will be. The second unshakeable truth is that our law enforcement agencies have been effective in solving and deterring crimes, and as a result, we have built a reputation of being a safe and law-abiding country. We must give credit to the dedication and meticulous hard work of our Police officers over the years, aided by our robust legislation and criminal justice system. Our law enforcement agencies have been effective in thwarting threats to our public safety and security. Just a week ago, we have been rocked by news of a foiled attempt to attack mosques in Singapore by a 16-year-old. For future threats and serious crimes, it behoves the Police to utilise all the tools at its disposal to detect and prevent such crimes and it is incumbent upon us, as Members of this House to facilitate this. This Bill specifies that the contact tracing data cannot be accessed by any public officer. The only exception is for Police investigations and this is further restricted to the seven serious offences specified in the Bill. I am confident that all Members of this House would agree on two things. First, that the offences specified are so egregious in nature and extremely time-sensitive that it is important to allow the Police to have all the tools at its disposal; and second, that there is no reason to doubt that the Police would use those tools judiciously and within the ambits of the law in order to fight such crimes quickly for the public interest. In fact, as part of our criminal law, the Police already has existing powers to compel production of any document or thing, including seizing computers or mobile devices.”
“Mdm Deputy Speaker, let me begin with two unshakeable truths that we are faced with. The first truth: it is trite that comprehensive case investigation and contact tracing are crucial to prevent community spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to vaccine, contact tracing and social distancing are our defences and instruments to fighting contagious diseases. We are facing a global pandemic and an unprecedented economic crisis, the like of which our nation has never seen before. This is a matter of public health. This is a matter of life and death. Conventional contact tracing and investigation is a complex and laborious process. There are also significant challenges like language barriers and distrust of unknown callers, coming in the wake of a year when online scams are increasing. Contact tracers are, in fact, in a race against time to prevent the next spread of infection. In the UK, by mid-July last year, the conventional contact tracing system was inundated and rendered less effective. In London, only 47% of at-risk people were contacted. The UK government had stated that in order for the tracing and curb to be effective, at least 80% of the infected people's contacts must be contacted and told to self-isolate within 48 to 72 hours. Singapore's TraceTogether, which uses Bluetooth technology, is one of the least invasive of all the contact tracing tools out there. In fact, TraceTogether has been modelled by researchers in Germany who are working on an app which is compliant with the EU's General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR). TraceTogether has assisted our agencies to quickly identify and curb local cluster transmissions in the community, as seen in the recent Police Para-Vet and Kallang industrial clusters.”
“For banks or any third parties, they would also have confidence in the transaction as they will be receiving the most up-to-date electronic copy of the LPA from the Office of the Public Guardian. Given our ageing population and the current pandemic situation which limits face-to-face and physical interactions, it is important for us to expedite the digitalisation of such documents, LPAs and wills for our fellow Singaporeans. This hopefully will bring about a higher take-up rate of LPAs and wills, and reduce the risks of litigation and disputes on competing LPAs and wills. Hence, I would ask the Minister if there can be further announcements on the estimated timeframe for the deletion of the other items in the First Schedule, particularly those relating to the electronic or digitalisation of LPAs and wills. In short, I am asking for the estimated time of arrival, or ETAs, on the LPAs. With that Mr Speaker, Sir, suggestions and clarifications notwithstanding, I support this Bill.”
“This will give Singapore the edge. In the area of shipping and international trade, this amendment Bill signifies an important step which will allow Singapore to further enhance its position as a maritime and trade hub. Given the various changes and developments to be expected in this area, I hope that the Minister can consider a thorough public awareness campaign, perhaps through industry leaders or trade associations and chambers of commerce, so that businesses especially small and medium enterprises or those that have yet to embark on the digitalisation journey, so that they can too take full advantage of these digital alternatives to trade documents and the specific requirements for electronic records to be recognised. In the Explanatory Statement of this amendment Bill, it is stated that the other matters in the First Schedule will be deleted when the legislative and administrative frameworks supporting the electronisation of those other items are ready to be enacted or implemented. For these other matters, I think most families would welcome the impending deletion of Items 1 and 3 of the First Schedule regarding the creation or execution of a will and trust or power of attorney, which would include lasting powers of attorney or LPA. Currently, an LPA must be in hard copy form. MSF in its public consultation in 2020 has considered the potential digitalisation of LPAs; reducing the time needed from three weeks to just eight working days. Digitalisation would also allow deputies appointed under LPAs to file their reports online and make it more convenient and faster for deputies to manage the affairs of the donor, like sending an electronic copy of the LPA to third parties, like banks.”
“Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the amendments to the Electronic Transactions Act (ETA). I first declare my interest as a practising international trade and shipping lawyer. This amendment Bill is one of the many steps that Singapore is taking in its journey to digitalisation. This amendment Bill seeks to amend the ETA and adopt with modifications the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. This amendment specifically deletes Item 2 from the First Schedule of the ETA which are trade documents such as negotiable instruments, documents of title and bills of lading. I welcome this move. Singapore is one of the busiest international maritime hubs. Most of maritime trade involves the use of physical bills of lading which can be cumbersome and voluminous. With physical bills of lading, there is also a higher possibility and propensity of fraud being perpetrated. As a lawyer, I have been personally involved in many cases concerning litigation disputes on competing claims or contradicting bills of lading and frauds committed upon consignees or trade financing banks. Therefore, having electronic bills of lading or electronic negotiable instruments would clear up this area. This legislation, together with the Government's Networked Trade Platform (NTP) which is a one-stop trade and logistics eco-system, shall assist Singapore to be a leading trade, supply chain and trade financing hub. It will be able to cut costs and streamline processes of trade financing. Digitalisation means faster processing, lower risks and lower risks of fraud. Innovative technology like blockchain or smart contracts can further supplement our foray into digitalisation; bringing with it, not only costs and time efficiency, but more convenience and greater confidence in our system.”
“Therefore, I agree with the Bill, which will further tighten surveillance and ownership of any details or plans that can be used to produce dangerous weapons through 3D printing technology. I welcome the amendments to the Bill that will safeguard our plural society in Singapore and eradicate violence in any form. (In English): With that, Mr Speaker, Sir, suggestions and clarifications notwithstanding, I support this Bill.”
“(In Malay): [Please refer to Vernacular Speech.] Our world faces various terrorist threats and extremist ideologies that threaten our security. We saw how, in 2019, the world was rocked by a shooting case that killed 51 worshippers at a mosque in New Zealand. Even though our situation in Singapore is very different due to our already very tough laws, we must continue to monitor emerging new threats. Our world, which is plagued by the COVID-19 outbreaks and economic slowdown, will make more people feel pressured and this may lead to disputes or even domestic violence. For example, in my earlier parliamentary speech, I have shared that police reports relating to domestic violence in Singapore had increased by 22% since last April during the circuit breaker period in Singapore. On average, trends around the world show that social pressure and social isolation will result in more cases of domestic violence. In domestic violence cases in countries such as the United States, Britain and South Africa, nearly 70% of the deaths involve women and the perpetrators are usually their spouses or ex-spouses. Within these, about one in three murder cases is committed using firearms. Therefore, we need to continue providing protection to those who are more in need and should not allow any dangerous weapons that can be used to create violence in our society. A research paper published by the RAND Corporation in 2018 stated that 3D printing technology will accelerate the proliferation of dangerous weapons and could result in more crimes and violence. The situation becomes more high-risk because of the unemployment rate and the alienation of workers who face more pressure due to the declining global economy.”
“Secondly, in relation to the offence of unauthorised possession of blueprints of 3D printouts of GEWs, it is a defence if the person came into possession of such blueprints without any solicitation or malice and/or that he or she reasonably would not have known of such blueprints. This may go some way to assuage the concerns of some parents, who are worried of the kind of information that our children may be exposed to on the Internet. In this regard, I would humbly suggest, that perhaps MHA could work together with MOE to increase the awareness in schools and our IHLs so that our youth will understand and appreciate the dangers or consequences of having access to such dangerous information. I have some clarifications to seek though. Section 64(2) of the Bill curtails the powers of the Minister to issue a security direction for regulated activity and limits it to cases where it is impracticable in the circumstances of the particular case for the Minister to make or amend any regulations to effectively address any issue or perceived issue of public safety. My first question, can the Minister clarify the circumstances in which such impracticality will arise? My second clarification, I understand that the security direction is given to the person – would this also cover "close associate" of such persons as defined under section 41 or otherwise? My third clarification, given that the security direction is non-appealable and that there is no automatic right to be heard under section 64(4). Would it nevertheless be possible for any aggrieved party to seek judicial review of the process or perhaps, allow a party to seek interim relief for preservation of any asset which may fall under the said security direction. Mr Speaker, Sir, in Malay please.”
“Mr Speaker, Sir, this Guns, Explosives and Weapons (Control) Bill will strengthen our existing regulatory regime and minimise the safety and security risks posed by GEWs. It will harmonise the application of various legislations like the Arms and Explosives Act (AEA), amongst others. Given that the last review of the Arms and Explosives Act occurred in 2007, this review and introduction of this Bill is timely and welcomed. Singapore is known for its zero tolerance for the misuse or mishandling of GEWs. Singapore also has one of the most effective gun control legislation in the world; with the number of privately owned firearms remaining relatively constant from 2007 to 2017 and no homicides committed with a gun in recent memory. However, now we are faced with newer challenges and different threats to our security and public safety. Hence, I welcome the changes to tighten the control on high risk GEWs and improve the overall compliance and Police's operational effectiveness. In this regard, I would like to highlight the refinements which show that the law is also sensitive to the circumstances of each case that an individual may face. Firstly, on the Arms Offences Act (AOA) which will be consequentially amended through this Bill. Previously, section 3 of the AOA makes no distinction between possession of arms or ammunition whether with or without criminal intent. The AOA will now recognise the offence of an unlawful possession of gun with criminal intent and impose aggravating circumstances for scheduled offences such as rioting, kidnapping and robbery. I welcome such clear distinctions and refinements to the law.”
“Thank you, Speaker. I thank the Minister for the Statement. I just have a clarification in regard to confusion or the alleged confusion on the statements. Are there any plans to video record all statements taken from accused persons?”
“Another charge of voluntarily causing hurt with dangerous weapon with common intention was taken into consideration for sentencing. Fourth, "B" was charged with harbouring of offenders. He was sentenced to one year six months' imprisonment, and another charge of abetment of voluntarily causing hurt was taken into consideration for sentencing. Overall, the offenders' charges in this case reflected the premeditated plan to attack the deceased, their respective culpability and involvement and the sentences imposed were similarly consistent with sentencing benchmarks. So, let me emphasise again: there is no preferential treatment based on race, religion, socio-economic status or educational achievements.”
“In the Downtown East example I gave earlier, the sentences given out to the 12 Chinese offenders ranged from three years and three strokes of the cane, to 12 years and 12 strokes of the cane. Sir, if I may, I will give another example – the St James Power Station incident in 2017. There were four Malay accused persons, which I will refer to as "A", "B", "C" and "D". After an argument between "A" and the Indian victim's group in a club at St James Power Station, "A" felt aggrieved and contacted "B" who rallied "C" and "D" to arrive at the club, with the intention to attack the victim's group. When "B" stepped away for a phone call, "C" who was armed with a foldable knife, punched the victim and stabbed him repeatedly, while "A" and "D" punched and kicked the victim. The victim died from stab wounds to the thorax and head. When "B" returned to the club entrance later, the attack by "A", "C" and "D" had already been completed. Holding charges of murder were initially preferred against the accused persons. After consideration of the evidence available and the roles played by the accused persons, the charges were amended. First, only "C" was charged with murder, as he brought along and used a weapon. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and 12 strokes of the cane. Second, "D" was charged with voluntary causing grievous hurt with common intention. He was sentenced to eight years six months' imprisonment and eight strokes of the cane. Another charge of voluntarily causing hurt with common intention was taken into consideration for sentencing. Third, "A" was charged with voluntarily causing grievous hurt with common intention. He was sentenced to five years six months' imprisonment and six strokes of the cane.”
“As Ang Da Yuan, Natalie Siow and Joel Tan knew that Tan Sen Yang was carrying a weapon, but continued to remain in his company, they were also charged with consorting with a person carrying an offensive weapon. Ang Da Yuan was given another six months' imprisonment and six strokes of the cane, while Natalie Siow was given another five months' imprisonment which was served concurrently with the other sentence, but no caning as she is a female. This charge was taken into consideration in sentencing for Joel Tan. These sentences were consistent with the sentencing benchmarks set by the Courts. The remaining three accused persons, Tan Hong Sheng, Loo Boon Chong and Chan Jia Xing were not involved in the fight. That said, Tan Hong Sheng and Loo Boon Chong each face a pending charge of consorting with a person carrying an offensive weapon. Loo Boon Chong also faces a pending charge of perverting the course of justice. Their cases are on-going. Chan Jia Xing tried to stop the fight and was co-operative with Police investigations. Hence, he was given a 12-month conditional warning for consorting with a person carrying an offensive weapon. He has been warned that no leniency would be accorded to him should he re-offend during this period, and he may still be charged for the offence. There were also some comments that the accused persons have received lenient sentences because of their race. These allegations are totally baseless and highly irresponsible. I assure the House that our criminal justice system does not give any preferential treatment based on race, religion, socio-economic status, educational achievements and so on. Everyone is treated equally and fairly. As I have explained, the sentences eventually given to an accused, depends on the evidence and his role.”
“Proceedings for the other three accused persons are on-going. Let me briefly recap the case. The seven accused persons were drinking at Orchard Towers. When the group was leaving Orchard Towers, the deceased confronted them. Four of the seven accused – Tan Sen Yang, Ang Da Yuan, Natalie Siow Yu Zhen and Joel Tan Yun Sheng – got into a fight with the deceased. Tan Sen Yang was allegedly in possession of a knife and slashed the deceased a few times. The deceased eventually passed away from the knife injuries. Tan Sen Yang has been charged for murder and the section 300(c) of the penal code. This offence carries the death penalty or life imprisonment with caning. His case is still on-going. Ang Da Yuan, Natalie Siow and Joel Tan kicked and punched the deceased during the fight. They did not plan to assault the deceased and did not know Tan Sen Yang would use a weapon during the fight. As the attack by Ang Da Yuan, Natalie Siow and Joel Tan caused two minor and non-fatal abrasions on the deceased body, they were eventually charged with, and pleaded guilty to voluntary causing hurt with common intention. As only abrasions were caused, Ang Da Yuan, Natalie Siow and Joel Tan would have been liable for a fine only, based on the sentencing guidelines set in a High Court judgment. However, taking into account the aggravating factors, such as their involvement in group violence and the public disquiet caused given that the fight took place in public, Natalie Siow and Joel Tan were given one months' imprisonment. As Ang Da Yuan had previously been convicted of violent crime offences, he was given a higher sentence of two months' imprisonment.”