Emma Reynolds
MP for Wycombe · Labour · United Kingdom
“My hon. Friend is a doughty champion for his area. As he said, the Prime Minister has been engaging with Cornwall—including, importantly, with its six MPs, including my hon. Friend—on a devolution agreement.”
“I thank the right hon. Gentleman, in whose footsteps I am again following by taking on another job that he did in government. As a former Environment Secretary, living in a rural area of Buckinghamshire myself and representing a semi-rural seat, I reassure him that this Government of course care about driving growth in rural areas.”
“I could not agree more with my hon. Friend. Driving public sector productivity is extremely important in two ways: first, because we get better value for money for taxpayers for the tax that people are putting in, including taxpayers in our own constituencies; and secondly, as she says, we are driving efficiencies, faster service delivery…”
“Public sector productivity is improving, with the NHS delivering 3.5% productivity growth in 2025-26, beating its 2% target. The Government will continue to drive public sector efficiency so that taxpayers’ money delivers the best possible public services.”
“My hon. Friend is a great champion for his constituency. The Cabinet statement on devolution set out the Government’s ambitions to accelerate devolution across the country by establishing a strategic authority for every area in England that wants one by the end of 2028.”
“The Government will support good growth in every postcode, including in Cornwall and Gloucester. We have already established No. 10 North to work in partnership with local leaders, businesses and communities, and at the Budget next month we will publish plans for further fiscal devolution, including greater retention of business rates rev…”
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“We know that only 8% of adults received regulated financial advice in the 12 months to May 2022, but guidance does not often go far enough to help consumers feel confident to make a decision. We have a big advice/guidance boundary gap. Many of our constituents are therefore not getting the help they need to make their money go further. Some keep a lot of their money in savings, losing out on potential returns, and others do not regularly review their investments, or invest in products that do not meet their risk appetite. Together with the FCA, the Government are developing a new regime called targeted support, which would allow regulated firms to provide suggestions appropriate to consumers with similar characteristics.”
“On that, I will take the opportunity to say something about the help to save scheme, which is targeted at working households on low incomes. It offers a 50% Government bonus on savings of up to £50 a month over four years. The Government announced at the autumn Budget last year that the help to save scheme has been extended until April 2027. From 6 April this year, we have extended eligibility for help to save to all universal credit claimants in work as well. The second issue raised by my hon. Friend the Member for Buckingham and Bletchley was about financial education. In fact, most hon. Members who spoke talked about its importance. One of the major barriers to investing for consumers is a lack of support to make financial decisions.”
“That goes to show how inflation can reduce the value of cash savings over time. In contrast, if that same individual had decided to invest in a stocks and shares ISA, they could now have around £83,000—over twice as much as their cash savings would have been. That demonstrates that if someone has the confidence and the ability—we are not talking about everybody here—to invest for the longer term, they will most likely get a better return. We need to ensure that people have the confidence and ability to engage with investing, and thus to benefit from the financial security and greater returns that investing can often provide. My hon. Friend the Member for Vale of Glamorgan talked about people on lower incomes.”
“Coming back to the issue of ISA reform, the hon. Member for St Albans rightly said that there has been some market volatility recently. I will not comment on the day-to-day movement in markets, but I will say—I think she was also making this point—that if people are in a position where they can invest in stocks and shares in our stock market or other forms of investment, they need to take a long-term view of that. Often, that investment gives better returns than just putting something away into a cash account. Analysis by AJ Bell from February this year suggests that someone who put away £1,000 in an average-performing cash ISA every April since their introduction in 1999 would now hold about £34,000. If their savings had instead kept up with inflation, they would now have £38,000, so that person would have lost out on £4,000.”
“Credit unions, mutuals and co-operatives play a hugely important role in our economy and our society. That is why the Government—as my hon. Friend will know, given that she stood on the same Labour manifesto as me—promised in our manifesto to double the size of the mutuals sector, why the Chancellor asked the FCA and the Prudential Regulation Authority to look at the mutuals landscape in the Mansion House speech in November and why we have supported the establishment of the co-operatives and mutuals council—I actually went to the first meeting. As my hon. Friend said, credit unions play an important role in encouraging savings, particularly for those on low incomes. We have also launched a consultation on whether the common bond needs to be more flexible so that more people can benefit from credit unions, and that is also in train.”
“The Government are determined to make the UK’s retail investing environment more attractive and to boost the UK’s investment culture, and I will reflect carefully on the points raised.”
“Such great cross-party working—do not tell anyone else about it! It is really good to work with the hon. Gentleman. I remember fondly—well, not that fondly—being a shadow Minister and having very good, if different, working relationships with the Ministers who I shadowed. I very much welcome the constructive way in which he has contributed to the debate and I look forward to Thursday, when we will debate the Bank Resolution (Recapitalisation) Bill. I thank my hon. Friend the Member for Buckingham and Bletchley for securing this debate and I also thank all the hon. Members who spoke. It has been a very constructive and interesting debate, certainly from my perspective, and I thank all hon. Members for their contributions.”
“Securing economic growth across the country is the Government’s No. 1 mission. We are working in partnership with the Mayor of the North East, providing the North East combined authority with an integrated funding settlement from ’26-27, and working with it on its local growth plan.”
“The Government are committed to improving roads. We agreed a £4.8 billion settlement for National Highways and funded a £500 million uplift for local roads in this financial year. Funding for the RIS3 programme, which my hon. Friend mentioned, will be considered in phase 2 of the spending review, and I encourage her to continue to engage with the Minister for roads on this issue.”
“Nice try. In terms of north-east growth, I have already said that we are working very closely with the Mayor of the North East combined authority. I suggest that the hon. Gentleman asks questions about roads relevant to his part of the country at Transport questions.”
“We have heard from UK businesses that our regulatory system often holds back growth and investment. We recently published a regulation action plan, and committed to cutting the administrative costs of regulation for businesses by 25% by the end of this Parliament. We are going further, faster than ever before to streamline regulation and make Britain the best place in the world to do business.”
“This is a whole-of-Government approach, and we have secured 60 commitments from key regulators to improving the business environment. The Government are streamlining regulation and stripping back its duplication, to ultimately deliver a regulatory system that encourages new investment, innovation and growth.”
“I work closely with the mutuals and other financial services firms, and I think the hon. Member is slightly jumping the gun, if he does not mind my saying so. We are considering options to reform ISAs, but we need to get the balance right between cash and equities. We know that many people have investments in cash ISAs who could think about investing in our capital markets, which would be a win for them through higher returns, and also for the economy. However, we absolutely understand the role that cash savings play in people having money for a rainy day.”
“The Government understand the importance of in-person banking to communities and are working closely with the industry to roll out 350 banking hubs across the UK. More than 220 hubs have already been announced, of which more than 135 are already open.”
“I would be very happy to meet the right hon. Gentleman if he wanted to discuss a specific banking hub that is being considered. We work very closely with Link. As he will know, his Government passed the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023, under which the Financial Conduct Authority, Link and the financial services sector ultimately have power over the criteria, which is not something we are planning to change.”
“As I said in my previous answer, we do not have any plans to change the Link criteria; those are a matter for Link. However, there are some flexibilities in the way that it applies the criteria, depending on the local population, travel times to nearby bank branches and, indeed, the number of small businesses in an area. I would be happy to meet my hon. Friend if that is of concern to him.”
“The Government are committed to supporting people to save and invest, and we want to build a better investment culture. Currently, 85% of people with savings income do not pay tax on it. As we announced at the Budget from next month, we will expand the help to save scheme to all universal credit claimants in work.”
“I think that premium bonds do provide excitement, not least in my parents’ household, where they are very popular. They are already well promoted and popular, and we have seen annual investments in premium bonds increase by more than 50% since March 2019. The funds raised through them go towards supporting vital public services.”
“I could not agree with one of my predecessors more. The right hon. Gentleman is absolutely correct. It is a great scheme and now that we are expanding it, we will take that opportunity to promote it better.”
“Cash savings provide a vital source of savings for a rainy day, and we recognise that. Equally, we want to build a better investment culture in our society, so that it is not just the 8% of people who can afford financial advice who can have the opportunity of better rewards by investing in British companies and others in our economy.”
“We are committed to promoting savings and investment, as I said in an earlier answer. One measure we are looking at is the Financial Conduct Authority’s review of the advice guidance boundary. As I said in a previous answer, I do not want it just to be the 8% of people who can afford financial advice who reap the rewards of investing in our economy. We keep all taxes under review.”
“That sounds like a criticism of the previous Government. I can reassure the hon. Gentleman that we are committed to innovation and to DIGIT.”
“My hon. Friend is a fantastic campaigner for the breweries in his constituency. We want the drinks sector to go from strength to strength. We are reviewing the responses to the consultation on the threshold that my hon. Friend mentioned.”
“Harlow is home to one of the UK’s largest supercomputers. We are taking forward the AI action plan and we also have the tech adoption review, which will look at how we can unlock the potential of AI in our high-growth sectors.”
“I beg to move amendment 1, in clause 1, page 1, line 21, leave out subsection (3). This amendment would remove subsection (3), which prevents recapitalisation payments from being required where the Bank has directed a financial institution to maintain an end-state minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities exceeding minimum capital requirements.”
“I hope that my explanations go some way to providing reassurance that the Government’s approach is the right one, and that ultimately, flexibility in the legislation is better for economic and financial stability, and for limiting the risk to public funds, which is what the Bill is all about. As a result, I hope that hon. Members can support the Government’s amendment, and I ask the hon. Member for Wokingham not to press his amendment.”
“For example, the Bill now requires the Bank of England to report to the Chancellor on the use of the new mechanism, and it requires the Chancellor to lay those reports in Parliament. The Bill also requires the Bank of England to notify the Chairs of the relevant parliamentary Committees—namely, the Treasury Committee and the House of Lords Financial Services Regulation Committee—following the use of the mechanism. Those measures will ensure that Parliament can scrutinise the Bank of England’s actions in relation to the new mechanism. They were added to the Bill during the debate in the other place.”
“For example, the Treasury is involved in the exercise of any resolution powers through being consulted about whether conditions for resolution have been met. The Treasury would also need to approve any resolution action with implications for public funds. If the Bank of England requested a large sum from the financial services compensation scheme, which it could not provide through its own resources, it would have implications for public funds, as the financial services compensation scheme would need to borrow from the Treasury. This means that, in practice, Treasury consent would be required if the Bank of England had requested a large sum. The Bill also includes some important mechanisms to ensure transparency and parliamentary scrutiny.”
“Instead, they are expected to be needed only for an additional shortfall over and above that which the firm’s resources could fulfil and once these resources have been written down or exposed to loss. Use of the mechanism would simply be a “top-up” to achieve recapitalisation, rather than covering all of a firm’s recapitalisation costs. Thirdly and finally, the Government agree with the intent behind amendment 3, in that it is important for there to be sufficient safeguards to prevent any inappropriate use of the new mechanism on larger firms. I reassure the hon. Member for Wokingham that a range of safeguards is already in place, which the Government believe provide the necessary checks and balances.”
“Those examples, however unlikely they may be, show that there is a clear benefit in having the flexibility to source additional resources from the mechanism, having already written down the firm’s available MREL. Restricting the scope in the Bill would prevent the mechanism from being available in these types of scenario, leaving public funds and therefore the taxpayer exposed instead. Secondly, I reiterate that the Bank of England would first look to write down or otherwise expose to loss available MREL and would then consider use of the mechanism only if a sale to a buyer or transfer to a bridge bank were needed. Funds from industry are therefore not expected to be used to cover a large bank’s full recapitalisation amount.”
“To take the points together, large banks should therefore have sufficient of their own resources to meet their recapitalisation costs, and the mechanism is unlikely to be available for use on large banks, even with the scope in the Bill remaining broad. However, it is theoretically possible that circumstances could emerge for which a larger bank is not sufficiently resourced, although these are highly unlikely. One example would be if the firm were subject to a large redress claim, resulting in a higher recapitalisation amount than envisaged. Another example would be if the market value of the firm’s assets changed over time. That could result in more losses than expected at the point of failure—again, resulting in a higher amount of recapitalisation.”
“To explain the Government’s thinking on this issue in more detail, I will make three points. First, there may be very limited circumstances in which the flexibility to use the mechanism on larger firms would help to protect public funds. The largest and most complex firms are required to hold additional resources to be bailed in—known as MREL—which aim to provide a robust level of self-insurance for larger firms. The Bill’s mechanism can be used only where a firm is transferred to a buyer or a bridge bank upon failure—something that is not envisaged for a large bank, which is expected to be bailed in instead.”
“That would in effect hardwire in legislation the principle that the mechanism is unavailable for larger banks, and it is that hardwiring that the Government are concerned about. As we have seen and experienced, bank failures are highly unpredictable. The Government’s concern is that if the legislation is overly restrictive, that might mean that the mechanism is unavailable in the very unlikely circumstances of large bank failures in which public funds may still be exposed. We must remember, in relation to this Bill, that the primary objective is to protect the taxpayer. The Government consider it important that the mechanism’s use is not overly constrained in the legislation, ensuring that it provides comprehensive protection for public funds—that is, the taxpayer.”
“The Government appreciate the intent of the amendment passed in the other place and of amendment 3, and are conscious of the intent to preserve flexibility to use the mechanism on firms transitioning towards holding their full allocation of MREL. I also appreciate the remaining key concern that, without restriction on the scope of the mechanism, the Bank of England could use it on the largest banks. I make it absolutely clear that that is not the Government’s primary policy intention. The Bank of England should always, first and foremost, rely on a firm’s MREL resources, ensuring that its shareholders and investors bear the losses, rather than turning to this mechanism. However, having considered the matter carefully, the Government believe that it is still not desirable to limit the mechanism’s scope in the Bill.”
“Members, as we discussed it on Second Reading, and also to those in the other place, where it was debated. However, the Government’s position on the matter is clear: as I set out on Second Reading, the intention is for the mechanism to be used primarily to support the resolution of smaller banks. The Government reaffirmed that position in their draft updates to the code of practice to which the Bank of England must have regard when using its resolution powers, and in the written statement that my predecessor, my hon. Friend the Member for Hampstead and Highgate (Tulip Siddiq), made to the House on 15 October 2024.”
“It is a pleasure to serve under your chairmanship for the first time, but I am sure not the last, Ms Jardine. Government amendment 1 ensures that the Bank of England will have the flexibility to use the mechanism provided in this Bill in a broad range of circumstances. It does that by removing the provision added in the other place that prevents the Bank of England from using the new mechanism in relation to firms that have been directed to hold additional loss-absorbing resources, also known as MREL, or minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities. I will also speak to amendment 3, tabled by the hon. Member for Wokingham, which aims to ensure that the mechanism is used only for small banks. I appreciate that this issue is of interest to many hon.”
“We do not wish to throw all the pieces up in the air and see where they land; we are not doing a wholesale reform of the resolution regime. This is an important tweak but, in the scheme of things, a relatively minor tweak to what is a much broader regime to deal with these circumstances. I hope that reassures the hon. Member for Dorking and Horley. And we note that he had nothing to do with the global financial crash. [ Laughter . ]”
“Rightly, in our view, they looked at what happened over that weekend; the shadow Minister has mentioned this. The case of Silicon Valley Bank shows us a couple of things, and we were keen to learn lessons from it. First, the resolution regime works pretty well. However, we were fortunate that Silicon Valley Bank was an attractive proposition to HSBC. In the end, therefore, although these things are never easy, there were officials in the Treasury and the Bank who worked all weekend, and Ministers were involved; one of them is now a shadow Minister and one of them is a Back Bencher. However, if SVB had not been an attractive proposition, things might have been different. And this measure is to protect the taxpayer in that scenario.”
“I thank the hon. Members for Wyre Forest and for Dorking and Horley for their contributions. Let me turn to the last point made by the hon. Member for Dorking and Horley and the first made by the hon. Member for Wyre Forest, the shadow Minister: the Government continue to have confidence in the regime for managing the failure of larger, more complex banks. The bail-in regime remains the right strategy for such firms to ensure that a firm’s shareholders and investors, rather than taxpayers, are on the hook if it fails. The hon. Member for Dorking and Horley asked why we are doing this now, The reason we are doing this now is, first, the lot opposite started it—and we agree with them. [ Laughter. ] No, to put it more formally: the previous Government started down this track of reviewing what happened with Silicon Valley Bank.”
“Coming on to the amendment, I am a little bit confused by the shadow Minister, because he rightly says—I agree with him about this—that it would not have been possible to use a negative SI, for example, during the weekend when everything was happening with Silicon Valley Bank. The Government at the time and the Bank of England rightly moved during that weekend to reassure the markets and everything was sorted, really—well, I say everything was sorted, but there was still more to do. However, the big decisions were made over that weekend. If the Government had to lay an SI in order to give the Bank the permission to do that, it would not have been a good scenario. I think the shadow Minister is saying that he will back the other amendment, but not this one. I am a bit confused by his position.”
“That is not in the substance of this Bill, but it is a relevant consideration and I hope that reassures the hon. Gentleman that we are working closely with the Bank on this issue. I hope that I have addressed the concerns raised by Opposition Members, but I am sure that they will tell me if I have not done so.”
“I thought that was what the shadow Minister was saying, but it is good to get some clarification. I think I am not the only one who was a little confused. As I said in my opening remarks, we do not support the amendment that the hon. Member for Wokingham tabled, but I understand the intent behind it and the concern that the hon. Member for Dorking and Horley raised. A couple of other issues were raised; they go slightly beyond the bounds of the Bill, but I will respond to them anyway. As the hon. Member for Dorking and Horley knows, there is a consultation by the Bank of England on the MREL thresholds. That consultation closed recently and, as he would expect, the Treasury is working very closely with the Bank as it looks through the feedback to that consultation.”
“I think we will get on to the amendment on growth and competitiveness i n the next stage of line-by-line consideration of the Bill. Question put, That the amendment be made.”
“The Government believe that the existing framework strikes the right balance. I would add that the question around how the Bank of England and others support growth and competitiveness is a complex matter, and it is not one that the Government believe should be, or can be, addressed in the Bill. I hope that I have provided a helpful explanation of the Government’s view on this issue, and I respectfully ask that the hon. Member for Wokingham withdraws his amendment.”
“It would be quite different to say that this objective should apply to the Bank of England when taking urgent crisis management action in relation to an individual distressed or failing firm. That reflects the different nature of the decisions that regulators take compared with the resolution authority, which has to act quickly and decisively in a crisis. It is therefore important that the Bank of England, as the resolution authority, has a clear and unambiguous basis on which to make such decisions. The Government believe that the special resolution objectives already provide that. As Members will appreciate, it is important to strike the right balance between ensuring that the Bank of England can respond quickly and flexibly to a firm failure, and that any impacts on growth and competitiveness are properly considered.”
“The Government believe that attaching a new objective such as this to the use of the mechanism in the Bill could complicate matters for the Bank of England in using the mechanism alongside its stabilisation powers. This is the key argument: we know that, when managing a firm failure, the Bank of England may need to take a decision at pace in a highly complex and uncertain environment. That is distinct from the regular policymaking of the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority, which of course have a secondary growth and competitiveness objective—for which there is cross-party support—but one that is applicable in the context of their general rule-making and policymaking roles.”
“This objective would be to facilitate the international competitiveness and growth of the UK economy, subject to aligning with relevant international standards. The Government resist the amendment because we believe that, while well-intentioned, it may have profound consequences. I should start by noting that the aim of the Bill is to enhance the resolution regime, but in a way that avoids making more fundamental changes to the regime and the way in which the Bank of England exercises its resolution powers. As I said to the hon. Member for Dorking and Horley previously, this is more of a significant tweak than an overhaul, which it certainly is not. That is because the Government consider that, broadly, the regime works well, as demonstrated by the successful resolution of Silicon Valley Bank UK.”
“Growth and competitiveness are fundamental priorities for this Government. Financial and economic stability are essential for growth and lie at the heart of the Bill. Risks to financial stability arising from bank failures, and the disruption they cause to continuity of critical services, can be seriously detrimental to growth and competitiveness. It is an obvious point, but one of the principal ways in which the authorities can impact economic growth is by maintaining financial stability. Amendment 4, tabled by the hon. Member for Wokingham, seeks to ensure that the Bank of England considers competitiveness and growth when using the new mechanism in the Bill. It does so by introducing a new objective that the Bank of England would need to consider alongside the special resolution objectives.”
“Clause 1, as amended, accordingly ordered to stand part of the Bill. Clause 2 Reporting Question proposed, That the clause stand part of the Bill.”
“This includes funds that were not required, either because the costs and expenses were lower than the Bank of England expected or because the Bank of England recovered some funds during the resolution—for example, through the sale of the institution. This will provide clarity on how excess and recovered funds should be dealt with, and it provides a mechanism for ensuring that the FSCS does not contribute more than is necessary in support of the resolution. This is important to ensure that the mechanism works as intended, and that there is a process for returning funds to industry where possible. Together, clauses 1 and 4 form the backbone of the Bill and put in place the mechanism to further protect taxpayers from risk. I therefore commend both clauses, as they now stand, to the Committee. Question put and agreed to.”