Florence Eshalomi
MP for Vauxhall and Camberwell Green · Labour (Co-op) · United Kingdom
“Many residents across the country have lived with uncertainty about the safety of their homes, their financial security and their ability to move on with their lives. We recognise the impact that building safety can have not only on people’s homes, but on their wellbeing and peace of mind.”
“Government remediation programmes require that fire risk appraisals of external walls be undertaken using this methodology. To further safeguard quality and ensure consistency in assessments, the remediation Bill will mandate how external wall assessments are carried out, to align with our best practice remediation programmes and ensure a…”
“My hon. Friend will know that I will definitely continue to lobby Treasury colleagues very hard, and any help from colleagues around the House will be helpful. In the meantime, the current system includes a new initiative looking at digital building control programmes.”
“I thank the right hon. Member for raising that point. He highlighted examples of various developments in his constituency, including Drayton Park and Highbury Gardens, underlining the fact that innocent leaseholders have continued to pay exorbitant fees for many years.”
“The evidence is informing ongoing engagement with insurers and wider work to understand how insurance costs can better reflect improvements in building safety as remediation progresses.”
“We are considering how we can go further to protect residents, particularly those who fall outside existing protections, and to ensure that no responsible party can avoid its obligations.”
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“How will the CMA monitor supermarkets? It is a non-ministerial organisation, but will it be providing regular updates to the Treasury, so that we can ensure that price cuts are being passed on to hard-working families?”
“I thank the Chancellor for this wonderful set of measures. I will go one further than my hon. Friend the Member for Erewash (Adam Thompson), who is no longer in his place, and invite her across the bridge to some of the greatest attractions in the UK, ranging from the London Eye to the Southbank Centre, the London Aquarium and even the Paddington Bear Experience, which will all benefit from this wonderful VAT cut. We have been raising this issue for many months, so it is good to see action. This morning, I visited John Ruskin primary school in Camberwell in my constituency. We might think that the impact of what is happening is not affecting young children, but it is. The children there were so articulate, raising questions on oil and gas prices and prices in the supermarket, so I thank the Chancellor for addressing the issues.”
“Members from across the House, including the right hon. Members for North West Hampshire (Kit Malthouse), and for The Wrekin (Mark Pritchard), and my hon. Friends the Members for Middlesbrough and Thornaby East (Andy McDonald), and for Walthamstow (Ms Creasy). We want to help the Minister, but we are concerned that although we come back here time and again, we do not see meaningful action that says to the people perpetrating these acts, “Enough is enough.” Every life is valuable, and every life matters; we cannot sit back and watch what is happening with impunity. What more can the Minister do, through his good offices, to say: enough is enough?”
“I thank the Minister for engaging with me and a group of my constituents, young people and cross-party faith leaders on this issue, which continues to come up with my constituents. This week, one of my constituents wrote to me about the flotilla, outlining that peaceful volunteers were seized in international waters, which is an act explicitly prohibited under international law. I therefore welcome the Minister’s condemnation of the Israeli Government’s horrific and disgraceful actions, which we have all seen. We know that staff are working really hard to get the British nationals concerned home. He is correct in saying that we would not have needed the flotilla if Israel was allowing vital humanitarian aid to get through to the Palestinians who are in so much need. The Minister can see the frustration of hon.”
“However, on awaking this morning I am both angry and ashamed by the announcement, snuck out last night, that your government is (partially) lifting sanctions on the purchase of Russian oil.” Can the Minister reassure me and my constituents that this will be a temporary measure, similar to the sanctions restrictions put in place by the Americans? My understanding is that they will be there for 30 days.”
“I thank the Minister for coming to the Chamber to answer this really important urgent question. He will know that we must keep at the forefront of our minds our allies in Ukraine who have been fighting this terrible illegal war for many years. I am proud that many of my constituents took in many people from Ukraine at the start of the invasion. Echoing the comments made by my hon. Friend the Member for Leeds Central and Headingley (Alex Sobel), I am concerned about the communication around this issue. A constituent contacted me and said: “I am one of your constituents and have never had reason to contact you.”
“In particular, I thank the many families who we heard from at first hand, as they told us about their experience of living in temporary accommodation. In conclusion, we welcome the steps the Government have taken, but they need to go further to make sure those living in temporary accommodation have decent, safe and stable homes when they fall on hard times.”
“We have also recommended that the Government should require councils to forecast future demand for temporary accommodation, and put in place plans for meeting this need. That includes ensuring there is adequate provision for people with more complex needs. The number of households living in temporary accommodation goes up and up every quarter, with 176,000 children living in TA as of September last year. Sadly, some of these children will spend a large part of their childhood without a permanent roof over their head, not knowing where they are going to call home after they finish school. I want to thank the many organisations, individuals, campaigners and local authorities that helped us with our inquiry by giving evidence, attending our sessions and making written submissions, and helped us with our visits.”
“We agree with the Government that temporary accommodation should provide homeless households with somewhere decent, safe and stable to live while they wait for permanent accommodation. Councils are working hard to increase the supply of good-quality temporary accommodation in the face of rising demand, but systemic barriers make it difficult, including unhelpful competition between councils, the Home Office and other public bodies for accommodation to fulfil their statutory duties; landlords increasingly opting to let properties on a nightly basis, rather than on a long-term lease; and the freeze to the local housing allowance and the rates councils can claim through the housing benefit subsidy. The Government must urgently address these barriers.”
“However, we have called on the Government to put in place safeguards to prevent councils from resorting to placing families in another local authority or in other types of shared accommodation in order to hit the target. The Children’s Commissioner has found that almost 6,000 children are living in council-run accommodation with shared facilities, such as shared kitchens and bathrooms. Our view is that this type of accommodation is simply not suitable for families, regardless of who runs it. We have called on the Government to extend the statutory six-week limit to other types of shared accommodation. We also remain concerned that there is no explicit rule to prevent or restrict councils from housing families, including single mothers with children, in accommodation where they have to share facilities with single male adults.”
“We also want the Government to introduce interim milestones to ensure providers of temporary accommodation are on track to meet the new decent homes standard by 2035. In the meantime, councils should be required to inspect properties to make sure they are free from hazards, are in a decent condition and meet the needs of everyone in the household. We welcome the Government’s target to eliminate the unlawful use of B&B accommodation by the end of this Parliament. They are making really good progress so far; the number of households with children living in B&Bs and hotels for longer than the six-week statutory limit is falling.”
“Through the national plan to end homelessness, the Government are taking steps to improve the quality of temporary accommodation and people’s experiences. We welcome the plan, and it is good to see the Minister for Local Government and Homelessness in her place. A lot of good work is under way, but the Government need to go further in strengthening the protections available to households living in temporary accommodation. I know that the Minister cares passionately about this. We welcome the Government’s plans to apply Awaab’s law to the new decent homes standard for temporary accommodation. We recommend that they start rolling out Awaab’s law urgently, so that it is fully applied to temporary accommodation before the end of this Parliament.”
“We heard of situations where women and children fleeing domestic abuse were housed with single male adults. Sometimes, the condition of the property compounds this problem. For example, we heard of people living in shared accommodation without even basic functioning locks on their rooms. The Children’s Commissioner recently reported that, of the over 12,000 people living in shared accommodation as of June last year, over 9,500 had been living there for over six weeks. Even if the properties are in a good state, people living in temporary accommodation may not have access to some of the very basic things we all take for granted: somewhere to cook, somewhere to wash clothes, wi-fi, having people over to visit, and just being able to go and come without having to sign in at the reception desk.”
“There is a growing problem with infestation of mice, rats and other pests; we heard of a child who was bitten on the toe by a rat during the night, and another child who could not sleep properly after waking up covered in ants. We also heard about broken facilities, leaking sewage and exposed electrical wires. The list of poor conditions goes on. There is little space, with families sometimes housed in just one room. We heard about a family of six who shared one room with a double bed, a set of bunk beds, a small kitchenette and a toilet between them. Households with children can be placed in bed and breakfasts, hostels and other accommodation where they need to share facilities with other residents. The behaviour of the other residents can leave people feeling unsafe.”
“Yesterday, the all-party parliamentary group for households in temporary accommodation reported that temporary accommodation has been listed as a contributing factor in the deaths of 104 children in England between 2019 and 2025. That figure includes 76 children under the age of one. Let that sink in: 76 children under one have died because of the conditions linked to their homes. The information we have on the prevalence of hazards and disrepair in temporary accommodation is limited. We are spending more than ever on temporary accommodation, yet we have limited information on the quality of accommodation provided to households. During our inquiry, we heard about the most shockingly poor conditions. We heard of mould so extensive that it had spread not only to the walls, but to people’s clothes, bedding and other belongings.”
“The quality of this accommodation matters. Temporary accommodation is anything but temporary; people can spend years in it before they move to a more settled home. During that time, they can be forced to move—sometimes with little or no notice—away from their family and friends, away from their children’s schools, away from their community and away from the local services on which they depend. That creates a situation in which they feel forced to accept whatever housing they are given, regardless of how unsatisfactory it may be. If they complain, they sometimes fear that they may be moved again, or even worse, be deemed intentionally homeless. The quality of temporary accommodation matters because of the serious consequences that poor conditions can have on people’s health and wellbeing.”
“I am grateful to the Backbench Business Committee for allocating time for this important statement. This week, the Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee published our fifth report as part of our inquiry into housing conditions across England. The subject of the report is housing conditions of temporary accommodation provided to households facing homelessness. We also published a report on social housing in February, and we hope to report on conditions in the private rented sector in the coming months. Members may remember our report on children in temporary accommodation last year. We found that accommodation provided to households was often in a poor state, with families left living with serious hazards. A year on, we wanted to look at the quality of accommodation provided to homeless households.”
“The hon. Member is absolutely right. It is really important for us to look at housing issues right across these isles, and any best practice we can learn from in England should be shared with Northern Ireland Ministers. I am sure that my hon. Friend the Minister will do so when she talks with her counterpart across the Irish sea.”
“If our children are not turning up to school because they are travelling for, in some cases, two hours just to get there, they are not going to benefit from those changes.”
“I thank my hon. Friend, who is a member of the Select Committee, for his engagement and his work. I also thank all the other Committee members and the Clerk for their work on this important report. The point raised by my hon. Friend is so important. I visited Crawford primary school in my constituency this morning before I came here, and the key issue raised by the headteacher was temporary accommodation and how the number of children living in TA is affecting their educational attainment. We really need to ensure that the Government are addressing this, because we want every child to benefit from the massive increases the Government are making in breakfast clubs and in more teachers.”
“I thank my hon. Friend for the experience she brings to this issue and for her role in ensuring that children with additional complex needs have a voice. It is vital that we remember the children who are being failed by the system—let us be honest—and look at their needs. When placing families, especially those with children with additional needs and disabilities, we need to ensure that accommodation is suitable, including such basic things as access for a child in a wheelchair, who needs to be able to go through the door of a property. That would happen if councils placing families in temporary accommodation carried out checks, but they are not currently in place. Councils should do those checks before placing vulnerable families in temporary accommodation.”
“I thank my hon. Friend, and I thank the all-party parliamentary group for its important work in meeting campaigners and, most importantly, the people caught up in temporary accommodation. It is vital that we recognise that a lot of this accommodation is paid for by taxpayers—that is the shameful thing. The fact that the accommodation is not suitable for human habitation should worry us all. That is why I agree with the Minister. We need to ensure that the homelessness strategy considers how we can work with councils to bring forward their own temporary accommodation locally, rather than relying on out-of-borough placements. Frankly, those landlords and providers should not be getting a penny of taxpayers’ money for that accommodation.”
“I am sure that the Minister agrees with me on that. We need to continue to help her to make that case to the Treasury, to make sure we continue to fund our councils adequately. Bill Presented Hunting Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill Presentation and First Reading (Standing Order No. 57) Neil Duncan-Jordan, supported by Sarah Champion, Dr Simon Opher, Alex Sobel, Richard Burgon, Abtisam Mohamed, Nadia Whittome, Mary Kelly Foy, Adrian Ramsay, Kate Osborne, Imran Hussain and Cat Eccles, presented a Bill to amend the Hunting Act 2004; and for connected purposes. Bill read the First time; to be read a Second time on Friday 8 May , and to be printed (Bill 431 ).”
“I thank my hon. Friend for raising that valid point. It is important, when considering housing, temporary accommodation and homelessness, that we remember the massive impact in rural constituencies such as hers, where people sometimes have to travel for a good hour and a half by bus in order to access services. People with additional complex needs have to get to appointments, and it is vital that we recognise that the issue of temporary accommodation and homelessness is not just confined to our inner cities; it is right across England. We recognise that for many councils, after special educational needs and disabilities and adult social care, temporary accommodation and homelessness are a big strain. We are seeing a shift. We are seeing more money coming in. This is about ensuring that the Government remain focused on this issue.”
“I thank the Secretary of State for visiting St Paul’s primary school in my constituency a few weeks ago to meet the excellent head, Angela Batchelor, and her staff team, where we heard at first hand from parents the importance of the wraparound nursery service and the additional breakfast club. One of the issues raised was SEND, which I know the Secretary of State is really looking at. Can she outline when we will see those changes coming through in order to help the families who are struggling with accessing SEND services from their local authority?”
“I thank the Secretary of State for outlining the reforms that will come through with the Renters’ Rights Act 2025. In 18 days’ time, residents will see no-fault evictions banned. The Minister knows that we need local authorities to have the resources, and he has outlined that there will be additional resources for local authorities, including the launch of the private rented sector database and the PRS ombudsman. Can the Minister give us an update on when they will be live?”
“Will the Secretary of State also commit to ensuring that any amendments to the Representation of the People Bill as a result of the recommendations are tabled before Commons Report stage, so that Parliament can have adequate time to scrutinise the proposals?”
“I welcome the Secretary of State’s pledge, as well as the cap on donations by overseas electors following the extension of their enfranchisement in the Elections Act 2022. As is stated in the Rycroft review, one problem is the fact that no less than five Departments cover the responsibility for protecting our democracy. If we want to get this right, we need to continue with leadership at the heart of Government, so will the Secretary of State accept recommendation 17 and allocate a permanent secretary with lead responsibility for sustaining our democracy and co-ordinating the response to the threats at the heart of Government?”
“May I start by echoing the comments of the Secretary of State and the shadow Secretary of State, paying tribute to Sir Philip Rycroft for his tireless work? I also thank the Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy for its work on cryptocurrency? We have to be honest and say that there is a lot of mistrust in our politics and democracy. I am proud to stand here as someone who was supported by two trade unions and local members in the funding of my campaign. We cannot say in one breath that we want to defend this country from foreign threats and then allow fundamentally opaque payment methods into our democracy. That is not on. It is therefore right that the Government put in place this moratorium on cryptocurrency donations.”
“I thank the Chancellor for outlining how we will finally turn the corner on the 14 years of suffering felt by many of my constituents and people across the country. Many people still complain about the cost of living, and they are impatient for change. I hope that, through what the Chancellor has set out this afternoon, we will start to see that turn. Rightly, we are seeing a change in business rates, but my constituent who owns Chocolate Dino has highlighted that central London rateable values are still high, while small business rates relief thresholds have remained static. That is having such a big impact on independent and small businesses. Can the Chancellor look into other areas to ensure that such businesses, which are the backbone of UK plc, can thrive?”
“The Secretary of State will remember that when we both served on Lambeth council, I had the absolute honour of introducing the youth mayor elections. Up and down the country, there are 16-year-olds in public office, including many young people allocating funds in some cases in excess of £25,000 to other community groups. Young people have the capacity and knowledge, and they are willing to serve if we give them the opportunity. Does he agree?”
“I thank my hon. Friend for making a powerful speech. On that point, I know what she personally went through during the last general election, and many Members from right across the House have also had to face it. Does she agree with me that, if we do not address this, we will see good, locally rooted candidates feeling afraid to put themselves forward to enrich our democracy because of that fear and intimidation?”
“I have a lot of respect for the hon. Member, and I know that he speaks with a lot of clarity and authority. He visits schools and colleges in his constituency, as many of us do. Does he agree that, as Members, we have meaningful, impactful discussions with those young people, and that those young people should be enfranchised to vote?”
“I thank the Secretary of State, who is not in his place, for introducing this Bill. It contains many important areas that I hope the House will agree to on a cross-party basis, whether that is looking at automated forms of registration, lowering the voting age, expanding the list of voter ID, or—most importantly—making sure that we strengthen political finance and how we are all funded. I am proud to declare an interest, in that I was funded by trade unions and my local Labour party—long may that continue. Many years ago, growing up not too far from here in Brixton, when I saw this place and heard people talk about decisions that impacted us and our communities, it felt like it was a million miles away. If we are honest, we have a system that sometimes feels rigged against us, where decisions are made to us instead of with us.”
“We must think about how to make sure people who are planning for their future have a keen interest in, and are able to exercise, their right to vote.”
“I would welcome the Minister outlining some of those changes, and would be grateful to know whether they will include young persons’ ID. Most importantly, I am happy to see votes for 16-year-olds—I am a long-time, passionate advocate for votes at 16. Conservative Members may be aware that the former chair of the votes at 16 APPG was a former Father of the House. One of the longest-serving and oldest Members of this House was a keen and passionate advocate for votes at 16, so there are some Conservatives who support this measure. It is really important that we consider how to enfranchise young people. Think about all the 16-year-olds in 2010 who saw the coalition Government triple the cost of their tuition fees overnight, who could not vote when they turned 18 in 2012.”
“When barriers exist that make it harder for people to vote, we must remove them, and the last Government’s introduction of the voter ID system did just that—it disenfranchised legitimate voters from making their voices heard. We have all knocked on the doors of many people on polling day who did not have the opportunity to register for voter ID before polling day. I have spoken to young people who did not understand why their elderly relative could use their bus pass to vote, but they could not use their Zip card—make it make sense! It is right that we take steps to end personation, but they must be proportionate to the tragedy of legitimate voters being denied their votes, so I wholly support the Government’s measures to widen the scope of voter ID to include digital ID and more forms of ID.”
“I thank my hon. Friend for making that important point. Many people think that there are too many barriers for them to join the electoral register, when we all know that it takes a matter of minutes. I always say that if the council can send you your council tax bill before you have even finished unpacking, why can they not register you to vote in time? A healthy and accessible democracy is not just about representation; it is about holding decision makers accountable when they do not deliver on their promises. That is why it is really important that we get this Bill right. We all know that trust in politics is at an all-time low, so at the heart of this must be an acknowledgment that voting is a right, not a privilege.”
“For example, will the system deal with qualifying EU nationals? We know that the scheme depends on when someone arrived and settled in the UK, or if someone is from one of the five countries with reciprocal voting rights agreements with the UK. Can the Minister outline how automatic voter registration will capture that? Time is limited, but I welcome the fact that the Government have finally listened to my calls and those of many other Members in repealing the provision on the Electoral Commission strategy and policy statement. In 2000 the previous Labour Government set up the Electoral Commission as a guardian of our democracy, independent not just of that Government but of all future Governments. That independence is fundamental to restoring and keeping trust in our democracy, and it is right that we have no political interference in—”
“The Electoral Commission shows that as many as 8 million people are not correctly registered to vote, and that has a big impact on young people, people living in private rented accommodation, disabled people and recent home movers. It is important that we look at this issue. I welcome the Government’s proposals on automatic voter and direct voter registration. That is the right way to do it, and it will be important for the Government to outline how they will pilot the scheme. Can the Minister give assurances about when the pilots will happen and if preparation is happening? It is important that any successful pilot is implemented before the general election. Can the Minister clarify how voter registration will impact different franchises for local and parliamentary elections?”
“My right hon. Friend makes a valid and important point. We know that people who start voting at a young age will continue voting through the rest of their life. It is soul-destroying when we knock on the door of someone in their late 50s or 60s, and they say that they have never voted and do not think about voting. If we enfranchise these young people, the figures show that they will continue to vote throughout their adult life. It is important that we enfranchise more people and make sure that there are no barriers. This legislation is not just about enfranchising people, but about ensuring fair representation.”
“Friend the Member for Kensington and Bayswater (Joe Powell) highlighted about the national oversight mechanism. It cannot be right that the Government will mark their own work on that. The community wants full transparency. I also thank the Secretary of State for outlining the fact that the Government will lay papers with regard to the spending authority for the memorial. If we are really to allow the community to have a lasting and fitting tribute, it is important that the memorial is built and designed with them, working with the memorial commission. Most importantly, can he confirm that the funding has been ringfenced and there will be no issues when the funding is discussed?”
“In 109 days, on 14 June, the community and many of us will come together to remember the 72 people who tragically lost their lives. Almost nine years on, the Government’s acceptance of the 58 recommendations is an acceptance that the tragedy at Grenfell should not have happened. That tragedy was born out of systemic failure. I stand here today wearing my green heart to recognise the fact that the community had to come together in the aftermath of that fire. That fire happened because no one listened to them—no one believed them. I commend them on their ongoing campaign to get full justice, including criminal justice. I thank the Secretary of State for his statement. When the Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee had the Grenfell community before us, we heard about the valid concerns that my hon.”
“Even with the investment from the Government and the changes to the rent settlement, we are concerned that the sector will not have sufficient resources to meet the new standards. There is a real risk that the cost of new regulation will lead landlords to sell their homes instead of adapting them. Although we welcome the Government’s plans to make a transformational and lasting change to the quality of social homes, they do not address the long-term, systemic drivers of poor conditions, especially the need to replace ageing stock. We hope that the Government’s long-term housing strategy will be an opportunity to fill the gap, and we urge them to publish the strategy as soon as possible.”
“That will help to reassure and demonstrate to the public that progress is being made. We are also asking the Government to introduce a process to review and if necessary update the decent homes standard periodically, at least every 10 years. As I say, the Government have made good progress, which is welcome. The sector now has clarity, which it needs to meet the standards. Changes to the rent settlement will help registered providers to improve the quality of their homes. However, we are concerned that those steps alone will not be sufficient to deliver the improvements that the Government want. Our view is that there is a strong case for the Government to establish a new, modern decent homes programme to support social landlords to raise standards.”
“The Building Research Establishment has estimated that about 45% of social homes will need to be brought up to the new standard. Although the last Labour Government’s decent homes programme was successful, many homes failed to meet the decent homes standard. The Government’s new decent homes standard will improve the quality and safety of homes, but we do not want to find that by 2035 a large proportion of homes have still not been upgraded. Until 2035 is already too long for many tenants to wait. They must not be told to wait longer. That is why we are recommending that the Government introduce interim targets stipulating the percentage of social homes that should be upgraded to the revised decent homes standard in each year before the standard comes into force in 2035.”
“Our report calls on the Government to amend the definition of fuel poverty in their forthcoming fuel strategy to reflect this. Otherwise, the Committee is concerned that the new energy efficiency standards, while necessary, will provide false assurances that tenants are protected from the multiple risks that arise from living in a cold home. We welcome the Government’s new decent homes standard. Today’s standard was last updated in 2006, and it is in desperate need of reform. Shockingly, almost 430,000 homes still fail to meet the basic standard, 25 years after it was introduced. The Government plan to bring the new decent homes standard into force by 2035. A lot of work needs to take place over the next nine years.”
“We will be keeping a close eye on the effectiveness of Awaab’s law to ensure that it delivers meaningful protection to tenants, especially the most vulnerable tenants. By 2030, social landlords will need to make sure that their homes comply with new minimum energy efficiency standards. That is a positive step, though the pace of retrofits will need to accelerate if the sector is to upgrade the remaining homes by 2030. Under the official definition of fuel poverty, a household is not considered to be fuel poor if their home has an energy performance certificate rating at band C or above. However, those living in the homes that comply with the new minimum energy efficiency standard may still struggle to heat their home sufficiently if their energy prices are too high.”
“During our inquiry, we heard from a mother whose 18-month-old baby started getting chest infections because of the black mould behind her bed. The mould had spread everywhere, but complaining got her nowhere. Awaab’s law is now being rolled out across social housing. It enables tenants to take legal action against their social landlord if they fail to remove hazards in a timely way. On balance, we thought that the Government’s decision to introduce Awaab’s law in phases, starting with the most dangerous flats, was right. However, tenants and housing providers would benefit from a clearer timeline of when the next phases of Awaab’s law will apply. Our report calls for the Government to set that out. For many residents, taking legal action against their landlord is not a decision they want to take.”
“Following recent announcements, registered providers have more certainty about the standards that they will be expected to meet, and the increased resources available to enable them to do so. Many Members will remember the tragic case of Awaab Ishak, who died aged two from a severe respiratory condition caused by prolonged exposure to mould in his parent’s home. During his short life, Awaab had recurring cold symptoms and respiratory tract infections, and he had to visit the GP surgery more often than most children. Awaab’s parents reported the mould to their housing association in 2017, before Awaab was born. The coroner’s report states that “no action was taken to address the mould before Awaab died” in December 2020, at which point the mould was present in every single room.”