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Konstantin Batygin

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160
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2021-07-19
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2021-07-19
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1
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podcast

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  1. “Night sky of discoveries in the Kuiper belt, right? And if we have some object over there, which has right ascension and declination, which is a way to say it's there on the sky, and it has some brightness, that means somebody looked over there and discovered an object was able to discover an object of that brightness or brighter. Through that analysis, you can construct a whole map on the sky of kind of where all of the surveys that have ever been done have collectively looked. So if you do the exercise this way, the false alarm probability of the clustering on which the Planet 9 hypothesis is built is about 0.4%.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  2. “As a gravitational one way sign, the existence of a planet in a distant planet, right? Something that is shepherding and confining these orbits together. Course, right? You have to have some skepticism when you're talking about these things. You have to ask the question of, okay, how statistically significant is this clustering? And there are many authors that have indeed called that into question. We have done our own analyses. And basically, just like with all statistics where there's kind of like multiple ways to do the exercise, you can either ask the question of if I have a telescope that has surveyed this part of the sky, what are the chances that I would discover this clustering, that basically tells you that you have zero confidence, right? Like that's not give you a confident answer one way or another. Another way to do the statistics, which is what we prefer to do, is to say we have a whole”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  3. “Then what you find is that beyond a critical orbit size, beyond a critical orbit period, which is about 4,000 years, you start to see weird structure, like all the orbits sort of point into one direction. And all the orbits are kind of tilted in the same way, by about 20 degrees with respect to sun. This is particularly pronounced in orbits that are not heavily affected by Neptune. So there you start to see this weird dichotomy where they're objects which are stable, which Neptune does not mess with gravitationally, and unstable object. The unstable objects are basically all over the place because they're being kicked around by Neptune. The stable orbits show this remarkable pattern of clustering. We, back, I guess, five years ago interpreted this pattern of clustering.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  4. “Yeah. Okay. So look, the simple way to think about it is that if you imagine Neptune's orbit like a circle, kind of maybe a factor of 1.5, 1.3 times bigger on a radius of bigger, you've got a whole collection of icy objects. Most of these objects are sort of the size of Austin, maybe a little bit smaller. If you then zoom out, And explore the orbits of the most long period Kuiper belt object. These are the things that have the biggest orbits and take the longest time to go around the sun.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  5. “Rather than a physical disk. They said, well, maybe it's not seven, maybe it's one, right? And then sort of over the next, you know, I guess 40 years, Pluto's mass kept getting revised downwards, downwards, downwards until it was realized that's like 500 times less massive than the Earth. I mean, like Pluto's surface area is almost perfectly equal to the surface area of Russia actually. And, you know, Russia is big, but it's not a planet.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  6. “I mean, it's tiny. We used to 100% 100%. It's actually a fascinating story. When Pluto was discovered in 1930, the reason it was discovered in the first place is because astronomers at the time were looking for a seven Earth mass planet somewhere beyond Neptune. It was hypothesized that such an object exists. When they found something, they interpreted that as a seven Earth mass planet and immediately revised its mass downward because they couldn't resolve the object with the telescope. So it looked like just a point mass star.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  7. “Common thing that people like to imagine and draw on lunchboxes and stuff beyond Neptune, there's a much more massive and much more radially expansive field of debris. Pluto, by the way, it belongs to that. Second, you know, icy asteroid belt, which we call the Kuiper belt. It's just a big object within that population of bodies.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  8. “This becomes evident when you move out further in the solar system and encounter Jupiter, which is 316 Earth masses, 10 times the size. You know, Saturn is another huge one. It's 90 Earth masses at about 10 times the separation from the Sun as is the Earth. And then you have Uranus and Neptune at 20 and 30 respectively. For a long time, is where the kind of massive part of the solar system ended. But what we've learned in the last 30 years is that beyond Neptune, there is this expansive field of icy debris, a second icy asteroid belt in the solar system. A lot of people have heard of the asteroid belt, which lives between Mars and Jupiter. That's a pretty...”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  9. “All right, that sounds like a good plan. So, look, the solar system basically is comprised of two parts, the inner and the outer solar solar solar solar solar Solar system has the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Now Mercury is about 40% of the orbital separation of where the Earth is. It's closer to the Sun, Venus about 70% than Mars is about 160% further away from the sun than is the earth. These planets that we, one of them we occupy, are pretty small. They're to leading order sort of heavily overgrown asteroids, if you will.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source

  10. “Is an object that we believe lives in the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune. It orbits the Sun with a period of about 10,000 years. Is about five earth masses.”

    2021-07-19 · Lex Fridman Podcast · #201 – Konstantin Batygin: Planet 9 and the Edge of Our Solar System · IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANSCRIPT · source