YouSaid · the spoken record

TSIANG

lines on the record: 209
first: 1949-09-24
most recent: 1960-09-24
sittings or episodes: 8
sources: un-general-debate

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“The 1959 goal of 18 million tons of steel is now scaled down to 12 million tons. 68. The year 1958 was hailed by the Communists on the mainland as the beginning of the "great leap forward." An important part of the "leap" was to be achieved by the primitive furnaces in the backyards. The Communists mobilized 60 million people — this is their own figure — to produce iron in these primitive furnaces, which, so far as quantity is considered, did contribute three-fourths of the pig-iron production on the mainland last year. Japanese steel experts who visited the mainland at the height of the drive reported that in those furnaces between five and ten tons of coal were used to produce one ton of pig-iron, compared with 6.8 ton of coal normally required in a modern blast furnace.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“In cotton they claimed a crop of 3,320,000 tons; now they say that the crop was only 1.2 million tons. The claim for ground-nut production has been reduced from 4 million tons to 1,2 million tons. On the basis of earlier claims, they called for a 1959 goal of 525 million tons of food. Now they retreat to the figure of 275 million tons, a reduction by almost 50 per cent. These reductions make the statistics of the Communists simply ridiculous. I would not take their figures for the past or the present or the future too seriously. 67. In the industrial field, let me cite one figure: that of steel. The Communists previously announced that the steel production of 1958 reached 11,020,000 tons. Now they say that, of that figure, only 8 million tons are found to be suitable for industrial use.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“But as a matter of fact, much of the trumpeted progress is simply untrue. The economic conditions on the mainland of my country have become so desperate that the Communists have been forced to revise their propaganda figures. 66. At the beginning of this year, the Communists claimed that in 1958 their grain crop reached 375 million metric tons, or almost double the crop of 1957. And they wanted the world to believe in that communist miracle. But in a communique issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party on 26 August of this year, they confessed that the figure was totally and grossly untrue. Now they claim that the crop of 1958 only reached 250 million metric tons, or a reduction in the earlier claim by 125 million tons. The figures in regard to some particular crops are also very revealing.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“Progress has been continued. Formerly, we suffered considerably from the disproportionate reliance on the export of one article, sugar. Although the total volume of exports from my country has increased, the percentage of sugar in the total trade has declined from over 70 per cent to a little over 50 per cent. Now we are working hard to increase the export of industrial goods and we have had some modest success. 65. We hear much about economic progress in the communist countries. In their world-wide propaganda, they stress the so-called "leaps forward" in their industrialization. There is a vast difference between progress under conditions of freedom and progress under conditions of dictatorship. The enslavement of a people in order to industrialize, even if successful, should be condemned.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“Or, to take another method, the countries in the same region might agree on a division of labour, each specializing in some line of production and each providing a free and open market for the products of the heavy industry of other countries. In my part of the world, a common market for light industries is not of great importance, but a common market for the products of heavy industry is essential. I recommend this thought to the attention of the Economic and Social Council, as well as to the attention of the Secretary-General and his able assistants in the economic field, at least for purposes of exploration and preliminary survey. 64. At the thirteenth session, in my speech in the general debate [764th meeting], I reported in some detail the economic progress which Taiwan had made. I shall not repeat that story.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“The products of heavy industry, because of their cost and the limited purchasing power of the peoples in the under-developed countries, may have only a very limited market at the beginning. This is a field in which — and I again fall back on the wise words of the Secretary-General — "regional co-operation and assistance from or through the United Nations creates possibilities unattainable for many of the countries concerned if they work in isolation or in a more limited co-operation with others”. 63. It is clear that factories in the field of heavy industry should, at least in the beginning, be co-operative enterprises of a number of countries in the same region.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“We must foresee and plan accordingly for the next step, namely, the march from light to heavy industry. 62. Now, the development of heavy industry in the under-developed countries meets with two serious difficulties. First, heavy industry usually requires large capital funds. The problem of finance in relation to heavy industry is much more serious than in connexion with light industry, simply because much larger sums of capital are required. In the second place, an under-developed country, establishing some branch of heavy industry — let us say an automobile factory or a farm-machine factory — finds itself faced with the paradoxical situation of a very limited domestic market in the initial period. The products of light industry find in the large populations in the underdeveloped countries a natural and ready market.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“In communist countries, priority has always been given to heavy industry. In the free countries of the world, economic development usually begins with the improvement of agriculture and the establishment of light industries. I do not wish at this point to discuss which order of development is the more desirable. What I wish to point out now is that in all the underdeveloped countries, even before the work in the improvement of agriculture and the development of light industries has been completed, the need and the desire for heavy industry become more and more manifest. It would be wasting time if the United Nations, in its efforts to assist the under-developed countries, should concentrate all its attention on agriculture and light industry.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“The day may come when the farmers in Asia, like the farmers in many other parts of the world, will use machines; but that day is far off. In the next few decades, most of the Asian farmers will continue to rely on the water buffalo for the heavy work on the farm. Up to the present moment there has been no large-scale systematic effort to improve the breed of this animal. Science has given the world better horses, better cattle, better hogs, better chickens and even better dogs, but the water buffalo remains without benefit of modern science. With the development of artificial insemination, a co-operative enterprise under the auspices of the United Nations to improve the breed of the water buffalo may contribute greatly to the economic progress of many Asian countries. 61.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“regional co-operation and assistance from or through the United Nations creates possibilities unattainable for any of the countries concerned if they work in isolation or in a more limited cooperation with others." 60. The United Nations, the under-developed countries themselves and the industrialized nations of the world have done much along this line. Economic development of the under-developed countries has begun and in many cases has made substantial progress. At the same time, we must recognize that much more remains to be done. To call your attention to the glaring needs yet to be met, let me refer briefly to a very simple and earthy animal — the water buffalo. From the Yellow Sea on the east coast of Asia to the Persian Gulf, millions of farmers rely on the water buffalo as the chief source of power on their farms.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“The whole project is one of great promise where regional co-operation and assistance from or through the United Nations creates possibilities unattainable for any of the countries concerned if they work in isolation or in a more limited co-operation with others." [A/4132/Add.1, P.4.] 59. The Mekong River project is of great strategic importance in the economic development of South-East Asia. We are therefore grateful to the Secretary-General for putting his prestige behind it. The last sentence I quoted states a philosophy which we think is applicable to the whole problem of economic development in under-developed countries. Because of its importance, I would like to repeat the last part: "...”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“Assistance to the co-operation among four riparian countries, Laos, Cambodia, the Republic of Viet-Nam (South Viet-Nam) and Thailand, which has been established with a view to furthering this development, is being given through the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East and the technical assistance programmes of the United Nations and the specialized agencies, m well as on a bilateral basis. The work has been making good progress and it is to be hoped that results may be achieved fairly soon regarding some tributaries of the river, while research and planning activities are continuing regarding the river basin as a whole.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“He urged the United Nations to engage itself in a concentrated fight against under-development. The same theme has been incorporated in many of the other speeches. My delegation has listened to such pleas with deep sympathy and understanding. We likewise urge the United Nations, and particularly the industrialized nations, to give special attention to this problem. 58. The Secretary-General in his introduction to the annual report included a paragraph which we regard as very important. For this reason, may I be permitted to quote a part of that paragraph: “The most important United Nations activity in South-East Asia is related to the development of the lower basin of the Mekong River.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“While on the one hand, we have this development of 700 million people from colonial or dependent status to independence, we have also witnessed the subjection of peoples bordering the Soviet Union, with the resulting loss of freedom. Asian as well as European neighbours of the Soviet Union have suffered from this reactionary movement. The United Nations can never forget, and should never forgot, the situation and fate of the captive peoples of the world. 57. The general debate has already proceeded far. I note that the problem of the economic development of the under-developed countries has been emphasized by many speakers. The representative of Brazil, opening the general debate this year, devoted almost his entire speech [797th meeting] to this problem.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“With this as our major premise, we understand that separation or independence is not the only road, or necessarily the best road, to national freedom. 54. The second guiding principle we should ever bear in mind, I submit, is that the change from the old relationship of domination or exploitation to the new relationship of friendship and co-operation should be made peacefully. The United Nations should try to prevent the use of force in this type of conflict as in international disputes. 55. In spite of some remnants of colonialism in the world, I am optimistic in this matter, except in one regard. This exception is as important as the general trend towards freedom. 56. Unfortunately, after the last World War, a counter-trend set in.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“My delegation has scrupulously followed the teachings of Dr. Sun in all our deliberations on colonial questions, and we shall continue to do so. The United Nations is, in my judgement, required to promote the freedom of the peoples and the sovereign equality of the nations. In this task, the United Nations must always bear in mind two guiding principles. 53. In the first place, all relationships of domination or exploitation of one people by another must be replaced with the relationship of free co-operation on terms of equality. Co-operation between peoples, I may add, as it is obvious, can take many forms. What is important is not the form of co-operation; what is important is that such co-operation should be free and equal.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“Western Samoa is also within sight of achieving the trusteeship objectives. 51. Although there are still remnants of colonial rule in the world, we can truly say that colonialism as a system is dead. This is, a great credit to the peoples who have achieved, or are about to achieve, national independence. It is also a great credit to the colonial or administering Powers. In this respect, the world has witnessed a revolution, in most cases, a bloodless revolution. My delegation is glad to pay this tribute to all the parties concerned, 52. My country, having suffered from colonialism and imperialism, naturally sympathizes with the dependent peoples struggling for freedom. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Father of the Republic of China, in his teachings repeatedly urged the Chinese people to give aid to the oppressed peoples of the world.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“50. Since the Second World War, 700 million people in Asia and in Africa have risen from colonial or dependent status to independent nationhood. The world has good reason to rejoice over this momentous development. Although much of it has taken place outside of the United Nations the principles championed by this Organization have added to the impetus of the movement More directly, our Trusteeship Council has laboured hard and well in this field. Right now, more than 7 million people can look forward with pride and confidence to their imminent emergence from trusteeship. The Cameroons and Togoland under French administration and Somaliland under Italian administration will all attain independence in 1960. Likewise the Cameroons under United Kingdom administration will soon decide its own future through United Nations plebiscites.”
1959-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 14 (1959)
“To buy peace at the expense of some other free country's territory is surely short-sighted. To buy peace at the expense of principle is also short-sighted. In this hour of trial my delegation appeals to the whole free world for support. The unity of the free world is the key to international peace.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Indeed, the unity of the Communists in relation to both the Near East and the Far East in recent years stands in clear contrast to the disunity among the free nations. The time has come when the free world should also manage to achieve some measure of unity. Let us heed the wise words of former President Harry S, Truman as reported in The New York Times of 14 September 1958: "The situation in Quemoy and Matsu cannot be Isolated into a local issue. It is part of a world crisis and should be treated as a major element in a global struggle for survival." 151. All free nations are prospective victims of international communism. The difference between us is only in relation to time. If free China is weakened; South- East Asia will be weakened, and the whole free world -will be weakened to that extent.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Four years ago in a similar crisis a similar suggestion was made to us. Then the islands at stake were the Tachen Islands. We did evacuate the Tachen Islands for the sake of peace. Today it is Quemoy, Matsu and Taiwan. We have found that the policy of yielding does not work. The enemy's appetite grows with eating. We will defend all territory under our jurisdiction. 150. International communism operates according to a concerted plan. When the Soviet Union demanded the withdrawal of United States troops from Lebanon and British troops from Jordan, the Chinese Communists strongly supported that demand. Today when the Chinese Communists demand the off-shore islands and Taiwan itself, the Soviet Union likewise supports that demand.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“They are to us what Berlin is to West Germany. Finally, these islands have been regarded by my Government as outposts, not as military bases. The garrisons on the islands have been increased through these long years. Every time the Communists bombarded them, we have found it necessary to increase the number of defenders. But it should be noted, and noted carefully, that no soldier of the garrisons on these island ever attempted to land on the opposite shore. No gun mounted on these islands has ever been fired except to return the fire from the opposite side. Before 23 August 1958 the Taiwan Strait had been quiet. The bombardments that began on 23 August came to us as a complete surprise. 149. Some people say to us: "You had better give up the islands for the sake of peace".”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“The Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom and the Foreign Minister of the Philippines can get an estimate of Chinese public opinion by examining the Chinese papers published in Hong Kong and Manila respectively. 148. In connexion with the serious situation in the Taiwan Strait, I do not wish to say anything provocative because I do not wish to jeopardize the efforts being made by the United States in the interest of peace. I world, However, like to call the attention of the Assembly to certain simple facts. In the first place, we have always been in possession of these islands; we did not seize them by force from anybody. Secondly, these islands have considerable strategic value; they can be used to our great harm if they should be occupied by the Communists. Thirdly, the political meaning of these islands is of the utmost importance.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“The present occasion for general concern is connected with the off-shore islands. I note that a number of speakers who have preceded me in this debate both condemn the use of force and appeal for restraint and moderation on the part of all parties directly concerned. I understand and appreciate the motives of those speakers; they are animated truly by charity towards all and malice towards none. My Government, true to Chinese tradition, has practised and will continue to practise the virtues which we admire, namely, love of peace, moderation and reasonableness. Indeed, we have been moderate even in self-defence. Large numbers of my fellow-countrymen criticize my Government for this moderation; they say that restraint in self-defence is a vice and not a virtue.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“One week ago, in the debate on the question of representation of China, I gave the Assembly [753rd meeting] some information on the general conditions on the mainland. I will not now cover the same ground again. I recommend highly to representatives a recent publication called Black Book on Red China written by the noted author, Mr. Edward Hunter. The Communists are piling man-made famine on top of nature-made famine. In addition, they are forcing the people to trample upon China's own spiritual heritage. Knowing our own people as well as we do, we believe that they will face that choice between death and freedom courageously as they have always done through the three thousand years of Chinese history. When their choice is made, we of free China will have no choice, for their choice must also be ours. 147.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“The people on the mainland know this; we in Taiwan also know it. The Communists can brain-wash the people. They control everything on the mainland, from food and clothing to bocks, newspapers and public meetings. A popular revolt on the continent cannot be created artificially from the outside. When it comes, it will only be after the people have searched their hearts and their souls and have found that they have no alternative to armed revolt. 146. Last year, Dr. Hu Shih, speaking here on behalf of my delegation in the general debate [689th meeting]. portrayed the conditions on the mainland, particularly among the Chinese intellectuals and students, after the Hungarian uprising.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Under that circumstance we cannot entrust the fate of our people on the mainland to debates in the United Nations or to special committees or special representatives of the Assembly, as was done here two years ago with the fate of the Hungarian nation. Under that circumstance of a national uprising, we are morally bound to rush to the aid of our brethren with all that we have and are. 144. The Chinese people are generally law-abiding and long-suffering. However, when driven to desperation, they can and will fight bravely against oppression and tyranny. In the 3,000-year history of China, the people have overthrown many long-established dynasties, as well as some that were newly established and strong. 145. Under modern conditions, tyrants have more means of oppression than in earlier ages.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“We have our spark of common sense. It is not our thought that the 10 million people on Taiwan should be pitted against the 500 or 600 million on the mainland. We have no reason to fight against our brethren on the mainland. However, when our own people on the mainland rise in revolt, as the Hungarian people did two years ago, and call for our help, we will fight side by side with them for their freedom. This is our programme for the recovery of the mainland, no more and no less. 143. When our people on the mainland rise in revolt and call for our help, we cannot sit idly by and turn a deaf ear to them.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“The benefits of economic development in Taiwan not only are substantial but are spread to all classes of the people. 141. These economic, social and educational programmes and other measures of a similar kind constitute 70 per cent of President Chiang Kai-shek's programme; the other 30 per cent is military. Let me say at once that we are realists. In the first place, we know we must defend every inch of our territory. We do not choose to live at the tender mercies of our enemy. In this respect we are not peculiar. We claim and exercise the same inherent right of self-defence as all the other States of the world. 142. In addition to defence, our programme calls for preparedness to give aid to our brethren on the mainland in their struggle for freedom. Let me say again that we are realists. We love peace as much as anybody else.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Today the percentage of children going to school is 52. In higher education the Japanese foundation was more meagre. There was on the island only one university, with a total student body of 800, half of whom were Japanese. Today Taiwan University has an enrolment of approximately 6,000. In addition, we have an engineering college, an agricultural college and a teachers' college, each of which has an enrolment of between 1,500 and 2,000. 140.These are some of the political measures which we have taken. In the realization of this programme the generous economic aid given to us by the United States has been an important factor. By intelligent planning and hard work on the part of my Government and my people, we have, I can confidently assert, made good use of United States economic aid.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“My Government did this by giving the farmer credit so that he could pay for the land in a series of annual Instalment payments. My Government also helped the farmer by enacting a law which compelled the large landowners to sell. Today the land reform is complete. Today the farmer in Taiwan owes the land he farms; he does not have to pay rent. This reform was carried out peacefully, by legal means. It did not liquidate any class. It did not confiscate any property. Now we have on the island prosperous and contented farmers. 139. Education is also an important measure in the fight against communism. When we recovered the island from Japan, we found a good elementary educational system, enabling about 70 per cent of the children of school age to go to school. We have built on the Japanese foundation.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“To summarize: The economic programme of my Government has shown that we Chinese can raise the standard of living of our people under conditions, of freedom better and faster than under the Communist system. 138. The Chinese people, like peoples in many other countries, have suffered from social injustices. The problem of social justice in an agricultural country is generally related to the problem of land ownership. The burden of land rent was heavy on the shoulders of the Chinese tenant farmer. My Government carried out an agrarian reform in two stages. The first stage was the reduction of rent from 50 per cent to 37 per cent of the main crop. The second stage was to help the farmer to buy and own the land he cultivated.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“On the island we grow huge quantities of bananas and pineapples, partly for domestic consumption and partly for export. We have made ourselves also a great sugar producer. In the world market Taiwan is the second largest sugar exporter, the first being Cuba. Last year we earned $100 million through the export of sugar. We have established several new industries, such as cement, oil refining and aluminium. These industries not only satisfy the domestic demand; they are in a position to export. 137. It might be noted that, in the economic development of Taiwan, our emphasis has been on consumers' goods. The military value of the industries, it must be acknowledged, is small and indirect. We have not sacrificed rice to guns.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“In the past thirteen years we have built up a textile industry which makes the island today completely self-sufficient in clothing. 134. Before the war the island Imported all its chemical fertilizers from Japan, about 600,000 tons a year. Toddy we make more than half of this quantity. We may achieve self-sufficiency in a few more years. 135. At the end of the Second World War, three- fourths of the electric generating capacity on Taiwan had been damaged as a result of the war. We have not only rehabilitated all the pre-war power stations; we have added new generators so as to double the pre-war capacity. Electric power is the key to Industrialization on the island. Today Taiwan is one of the most electrified regions in all Asia. 136.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“The Chinese people, like many other people in that part of the world, desire more and better food, clothing and housing. This is what we have striven to do on the Island of Taiwan. When we first took over the island in the winter of 1945, the rice crop of that year was below 700,000 tons. Now the annual crop is 1,700,000 tons. We have obtained this result by helping the farmer to use better seeds and to fertilize and Irrigate his land better than he usually does. We have given him, through land reform, more incentive to produce. Today we have not only enough rice for ourselves; we export considerable quantities abroad. 133. Thirteen years ago, there was no textile industry on Taiwan. All clothing was imported.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“As we have had more than thirty years of experience in this matter, our answers to these questions may deserve the consideration of the Assembly, Furthermore, since these questions have a bearing on the entire world situation, I will take a few minutes of the time of the General Assembly to answer them. 131. President Chiang Kai-shek has stated again and again that the menace of communism can be and should be met 70 per cent by political measures and 30 per cent by military measures. That has been his message to the Chinese peopleduringalltheseyears.il is more than a message; it is a programme of action. We have practised what we have preached. 132. An important political measure against communism is economic development.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Unfortunately, China is situated next to the Soviet Union with the longest common frontier — between nations, Force of circumstance has placed us in the position of frontier guard against international communism. The same force of circumstance has made our leader, President Chiang Kai-shek, take a strong anti-Communist stand during the last thirty years. For this reason, international communism has singled him out for propagandists smearing and political and military attacks. 130. We Chinese are anti-Communists. How do we view the problem of communism? How have we proceeded to combat communism?”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Hungary has tasted and tested both the old and the new imperialism! Unsatisfactory as Austrian domination of Hungary was, we have every reason to believe that the people of Hungary would prefer the former Austrian to the present-day Soviet domination. Whether in rebellion or in submission, Hungary has found its new masters more brutal than the old. It is indeed tragic that Hungary, having emancipated itself from the old imperialism, should have been enslaved by the new Communist imperialism, the tragedy of Hungary is a warning to all the newly independent States of Asia and Africa. 129. Unfortunately, we in China have been a target of Soviet imperialism more intensely and for a longer period of time than most of the other countries represented here.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“International communism is menacing in two respects. In the first place, it denies the dignity and worth of the human being and tramples upon fundamental human rights. In this respect, communism is much worse than the old colonialism of the nineteenth century. In the second place, communism is menacing because it is the Instrument of Soviet imperialism. When communism expands, Soviet power, expands. Where Soviet power is in control, there communism is imposed. Present-day international communism is Inseparable from Soviet imperialism. We can call this menace imperialist-communism or communist-imperialism. The world has never before seen the like of this kind of menace. 128. Let us look at the fate of Hungary. In the nineteenth century it was a part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Today it is a part of the Soviet empire.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“However, an objective survey, keeping in mind both what has been achieved and what remains to be done, discloses a picture which is on the whole hopeful. My country, having in the past suffered from some forms of colonialism, naturally sympathizes with any people struggling for freedom. My delegation stands ready to co-operate with other delegations in working for peaceful and constructive solutions of such colonial problems as remain. 126. When we survey the world as a whole, we find that in regions where free Governments predominate, there is no threat of war or international tension; instead, we find peaceful and friendly relations among the States. Today there is really only one major cause for worry so far as the preservation of world peace is concerned. It is the menace of international communism. 127.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“There, too, it is not only the absence of war that is remarkable; it is the universal conviction that no State in this region, however big or powerful, has any thought of aggression against its neighbours. 124. In Asia we have not yet developed a recognized pattern of international relations for the simple reason that most of the Asian States have become independent only in recent years. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the new States of Asia desire peace. Now that they are independent, many of them for the first time, they wish to be let alone to taste both the sweetness and perhaps a little bit of the bitterness of the new life. They want to have time to solve their problems, which are many and complicated. 125. In Asia and Africa, there remain certain countries where Western colonialism still casts dark shadows.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Here we have twenty-two independent nations living together truly as good neighbours. Here we have not only the absence of war but the profound and universal conviction that war among the American States is impossible. The relations between the American States exemplify the type of world which the United Nations was created to bring about. Here we have peace as the Charter visualizes peace. This is all the more remarkable because in the Western Hemisphere the disparity in size and power among the States is as great as in any other part of the world. 123. Across the Atlantic we have another such peaceful region in western Europe. There from the northern tip of Scandinavia to the southern tip of Italy, the States enjoy profoundly peaceful and friendly relations among themselves.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“My delegation rejoices in the growth of this Organization, Undoubtedly in the years to come the United Nations will assume more tasks. This trend towards expansion is natural, inevitable and, on the whole, healthy. 121. In spite of all our multitudinous occupations and preoccupations the problem of world peace remains cur central concern. This year, because of the crisis in the Middle East in the early summer, and because of the serious situation in the Taiwan Strait since 23 August 1958, our thoughts turn more than ever to this big problem of peace. Although Communist guns are pounding the territory of free China every; hour, perhaps at this very hour, I am not a pessimist, and I refuse to be a defeatist. 122. If we survey the world as a whole, we still find some bright regions. The Western Hemisphere is one.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“118. Mr. President, allow me first of all to congratulate you on your election to the presidency of the General Assembly. Your great personal qualities, as well as your past services to the United Nations, entitle you to this great honour. 119. I should also like to express the appreciation of my delegation for the splendid and constructive guidance which Sir Leslie Munro gave to the twelfth session of this General Assembly. My delegation wishes him every success in all his future endeavours. 120. In the brief span of thirteen years the United Nations has grown enormously both in membership and in scope of service. The multitude of activities which the United Nations and its specialized and affiliated agencies undertake is simply astounding.”
1958-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 13 (1958)
“Along the path of economic co-operation between the industrialized and the underdeveloped countries of the world can be found progress for Asia and Africa and common prosperity for all.”
1956-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 11 (1956)
“We must know really what the essence of colonialism is. On the one hand, we must not underestimate its evil. On the other hand, we must not lump together any kind of cultural or economic relationships between industrialized and under-developed countries as colonialism. In the long run, the only guarantee of real independence for the countries in Asia and Africa is industrialization. Fortunately for us, the capitalists of the West, including Wall Street, understand and appreciate economic interdependence and are ready to meet us half-way. 184. It is to the interest of Asian and African countries as it is to the interest of Western countries to negotiate and arrange just and fair terms of economic co-operation. Let us forget the past and work for the present and the future.”
1956-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 11 (1956)
“It is frequently forgotten that Bolshevik Russia got a rich heritage from czarist Russia in the form of a vast expanse of land and a good industrial and technological base, a heritage richer than that which most of the newly independent nations of Asia and Africa have to start with. The ratio of population to land is particularly important. That ratio in the Soviet Union is three to five times more favourable than in most Asian countries. In the Soviet Union, it has been physically possible to force the population to accept bare subsistence as a standard of living. If Asian countries should try to follow the Soviet example, their peoples would be forced to live below their present bare subsistence level. Such a policy is physically impossible as well as morally reprehensible. 183. We must look colonialism straight in the face.”
1956-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 11 (1956)
“He wished the new China to welcome foreign capital and foreign technicians. 181. To be sure, China might industrialize itself by its own efforts. If that should be tried, it would take more than a century. Sun Yat Sen was in a hurry, the Chinese people are in a hurry to get industrialization. The natural accumulation of capital in China is terribly slow. The belts of the Chinese people are as tight as they could be. It would be inhuman for any government to force the people to tighten their belts still more so that China might, by a few five-year plans, catch up with the industrialized nations of the West. 182. The example of industrialization in the Soviet Union has almost no meaning for most Asian and African countries.”
1956-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 11 (1956)
“In China, Sun Yat Sen, father of the Republic of China and the creator of modern Chinese nationalism, had a constructive programme to take the place of the colonial and imperial relations which had prevailed between China and the West. He was as fervent in fighting against imperialism as he was in advocating a constructive approach to the economic relations of the present day. 180. Sun Yat Sen advocated the international development of China. On the surface, it might seem a paradox that this supreme nationalist and socialist leader of China should call for the international development of China’s resources. He meant that China could profit and the whole world could profit by economic co-operation. Sun Yat Sen was not afraid of foreign capital or foreign technicians.”
1956-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 11 (1956)
“We in Asia and Africa who have recently overcome colonialism or are about to remove the last traces of colonialism must ourselves be on our guard and not practise colonialism on our own part. The freedom which we claim from European nations, East and West, that same freedom we should grant and guarantee to our own Asian and African neighbours. Whenever we have territorial disputes among ourselves, let us come to the United Nations. Let us settle such disputes peacefully. Let us allow the people in the disputed areas the freedom of choice. I refer particularly to the Kashmir dispute. 179. There is another difference between Chinese anti-colonialism and the anti-colonialism of some of the other Asian and African countries.”
1956-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 11 (1956)