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1949-09-24

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1960-09-24

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un-general-debate

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1. “On 5 March of this year when the People’s Relief Association took over the orphanage, there remained only forty-eight infants of whom twenty-nine were sick. The death rate in the orphanage exceeds 98 per cent. Using this percentage as a basis for calculation and remembering that this orphanage has been in existence for eighteen years, we come to the conclusion that the five sisters have killed 36,000 infants”. 64. The People’s Relief Association, on the basis of this fantastic investigation and more fantastic statistics, turned the five Canadian sisters over to the military control commission. 65. I will omit all other data on religious persecution because the religious bodies in the Western world have in their possession a vast collection of data.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

2. “I notice that the Paris paper, Le Monde, of 8 November, published an account of similar proceedings in Shanghai for the night of 27 April and the next day. It is worth reading. 63. In the city of Canton there occurred an episode of so-called “popular vengeance against imperialist agents”. The so-called People’s Relief Association investigated the orphanage established by Catholic sisters from Canada. These sisters had lived in China for many years and had become known by their Chinese names. They were Pan Yah-fong, Kao Chung-chun, Lien Wan-teh, Tong Yeh-ching and Lu Hsiang-tah. I now quote from the report of the so-called People’s Relief Association: “According to our investigation, from January 1950 to the middle of February this year, the Catholic orphanage received altogether 2,216 infants.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

3. “The mob voted by acclamation to accept the verdict. Altogether 136 persons were dealt with on that day by the so-called people’s court of Canton. 61. The record of the proceedings concludes with the following paragraph — and I quote from the official record: “The public security organ of the people, in compliance with the wishes of the broad masses of the people, put the seven worst criminals on a cart which, after circulating through the whole city, reached the place of execution. When the criminals’ cart and the propaganda carriage which accompanied it moved through the streets of the city, the people along the route pronounced oaths of condemnation on the criminals. The people at the foot of the Pearl Bridge and on Tongfu Street were especially enthusiastic and called out that the criminals should be made to eat many bullets”. 62.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

4. “Altogether 7 accusers made their accusations, one for each victim. The crimes cited covered everything evil that human imagination could concoct. 60. After the people had vented their wrath verbally, the presiding judge of the military court of the military commission of the city of Canton proposed to the people that 7 should be condemned to death and shot immediately; that 6 should be condemned to death, with sentence postponed for two years, during which the victims should undertake hard labour as a matter of education and test; that I should be imprisoned for life; that 9 should be imprisoned for fifteen years, 5 for twelve years, 17 for ten years, 6 for seven years, 19 for five years, 7 for three years, 4 for two years, 1 for two years with parole, 10 for one year with parole, 11 to live under police supervision, and 20 to be released under private guarantee.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

5. “Pie began by reminding the audience that that meeting of 15 July was the third of its kind; he pointed out that at the first meeting, at the end of April, the people had “with waving of flags and beating of drums, killed 198 counter-revolutionary criminals”, and that, on 8 July, at the second such people’s meeting, the workers of the city had condemned to death one who was a spy for the National Government, a traitor to the working class and a gangster. Pie reminded his audience that on the previous occasions the people had shouted: “It is good to kill; it is right to kill; it is proper to kill”, 59. Of the 136 accused of counter-revolution on that day, 15 July, 7 whom the military court proposed to execute on the spot were brought in and made to kneel before the mob. The chairman urged the citizens to state their feelings publicly.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

6. “I think the data sufficient to give you an idea of the awful days and nights of the people of Shanghai since the Communists came to rule over their city. 58. I shall not repeat the same story for the other cities of China. However, I should like to describe for you the proceedings of the so-called people’s court as that court was held in Canton on 15 July of this year. The official communist report states that at 8.30 a.m. on 15 July, 35,000 citizens of Canton congregated on the big square in front of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall to participate in a mass meeting for the purpose of “accusing the counter-revolutionaries”. The assistant director, Sun Lo-nyi, of the Public Security Bureau of the city of Canton made a report to the assembled mass.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

7. “The military court on that day executed 06, condemned 13 to death, with postponed execution, imposed life imprisonment on 28 and imprisonment with lesser terms on 114; it placed 5 under police supervision. The people’s court on that same day executed 45, condemned 22 to death but postponed execution, imposed life imprisonment on 21 and imprisonment with lesser terms on 77, placed 3 under police supervision and released 14 under private guarantee. 57. Such is the record of terror in the city of Shanghai during the months of July, August and September 1931. I have placed before you an abstract of the consecutive official bulletins of the Shanghai military court during the three summer months of this year.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

8. “On 14 September, the court executed 110, condemned 41 to death with execution postponed, imposed life imprisonment on 106 and imprisonment with lesser terms on 107 and placed 3 under police supervision. On 17 September, the court imposed imprisonment of varying terms on 127, placed 33 under police supervision, and released 6 under private guarantee. On 22 September, the court condemned 15 with postponed execution, imposed life imprisonment on 47, and imprisonment with lesser terms on 200; it placed 6 under police supervision, and released 3 under private guarantee. 56. On 28 September, both the military court and the so-called people’s court went into action.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

9. “On 27 August, the court executed 62, condemned 3 to death with postponed execution, imposed life imprisonment on 16 and imprisonment with lesser terms on 182, and placed 2 under police supervision. 55. On 1 September, the court placed 75 under police supervision and released 22 under private guarantee. On 8 September, the court executed 45, condemned 13 to death with postponed execution, imprisoned 147, placed 10 under police supervision and released 10 under private guarantee. On 10 September, the court executed 21, condemned 8 to death with postponed execution, imposed life imprisonment on 173, placed 18 under police supervision and released 15 under private guarantee.”

   1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

10. “On 10 August, the court imprisoned 1,000, placed 98 under police supervision, and released 35 under private guarantee. The figure of 1,000 for imprisonment is the figure in the official bulletin of the military court. On 13 August, the court again condemned 1,000 to imprisonment, placed 59 under police supervision, and released 31 under private guarantee. On 18 August, the court executed 21, condemned 9 to death with postponed execution, imposed life imprisonment on 7, and imprisonment with lesser terms on 75 others. On 22 August, the court imposed life imprisonment on 100 and imprisonment with lesser terms on 200. These round figures are again taken from the official bulletin of the military court.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

11. “On 27 July, the court executed 144, condemned 29 to death, with postponed execution, imprisoned 55 for life and 300 for lesser terms, and placed 209 under control or guarantee. That was a very dark day for the people of Shanghai. 54. On 3 August, the military court imprisoned 122, placed 144 under police supervision and released 40 under private guarantee. On 6 August, the military court contented itself with imprisoning the round figure of 500. I give you the figure as stated in the official bulletin of the military court of that day. On 9 August, the court executed 19, sentenced 2 to death with postponed execution, imposed life imprisonment on 9, and imprisonment with lesser terms on 43, it placed 37 under police control and released 9 under private guarantee.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

12. “On 11 July, the military court executed 58, condemned 6 to death, with postponed execution; and it imprisoned 20. On 12 July, the military court placed 91 under police supervision and released 52 under private guarantee. That again is a record of leniency. On 14 July, the military court executed 57, condemned 22 to death, with postponed execution, imprisoned 132, and placed 17 under police supervision. On 20 July, the court placed under police supervision 102, and released 78 under private guarantee. On 21 July the court imprisoned 301, placed 53 under police control, and released 26 under private guarantee. On 26 July, the military court executed 28, condemned 6 to death, with postponed execution, imprisoned 35, and placed 29 under police supervision or private guarantee.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

13. “On 6 July 1951, the courts were very lenient. They condemned 56 persons to police supervision and released 80 persons on guarantee given by friends and relatives. On 7 July 1951, the military court condemned to death and immediately executed 60 persons; it condemned six persons to death postponing their sentence for 2 years; it imposed life imprisonment on 27 and imprisonment of lesser terms on 92 others; it placed 16 persons under police supervision or private guarantee. That is the record for 7 July. On 9 July, the military court condemned to death and immediately executed 48 persons; it condemned 15 to death, with postponed execution; it imposed life imprisonment on 115, and placed under police supervision or private guarantee 23 others.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

14. “These regulations are officially called “Regulations for the suppression of counter-revolution”. Under these regulations, so-called spies, saboteurs, and agents of imperialists are all grouped together as “counter-revolutionaries”. The penalties provided are death and imprisonment. The execution of the terror is entrusted to military courts and to the so-called peoples’ courts. 52. I now wish to present to the Assembly the operation of the military court and people’s court in the city of Shanghai for the months of July, August and September of this year as a sample study of this “rule by mass murder”, as one American correspondent described it. I hope my colleagues will appreciate the tragic life of that great city. For this purpose I use exclusively the official bulletins of the Communists in Shanghai. 53.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

15. “If the figures for the regions on which we do not have reports were added to the figures set forth in the four official reports which I have cited, the grand total for that one year must have exceeded one and a half million. 50. The record of the communist domination on the mainland of China during the second year, from 1 October 1949 to 1 October 1951, is even worse, although we do not have access to the official reports from these regional military control commissions. 51. In spite of the tragic record of their first year, the Chinese Communists did not feel satisfied. The members of the communist Politburo thought that the attitude of the communist military police and party organs was too soft, too bourgeois. On 21 February of this year, the Communists proclaimed a set of regulations to systematize and intensify terror.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

16. “Peng Teh-huai, the so-called Chairman of the North-Western Military Commission, reported that, for that period, his commission had liquidated 58,000 “counter-revolutionaries" in the North-Western provinces. 48. These four so-called regional military commissions proudly reported that in the course of one year, from 1 October 1949 to 1 October ,1950, they together had succeeded in liquidating 1,176,000 so-called counter-revolutionaries. 49. The account is incomplete because I do not have the official reports of the so-called North China Military Commission, or of the North-East — that is Manchuria Military Commission, or for the extreme North-West — that is Sinkiang — Military Commission.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

17. “Yao Su-shih, the so-called Chairman, of the Military Commission of East China, reported that in the year from 1 October 1949 to 1 October 1950, his so-called Commission had liquidated 107,000 “counter-revolutionaries” in the provinces of East China. 45. Teng Tze-huai the so-called Vice-Chairman, of the South Central Military Commission, reported on the same day that his commission had liquidated 611,000 “counter-revolutionaries” in the provinces of South-Central China in the same period. 46. Teng Hsiao-p’ing, the so-called Vice-Chairman of the South-West Military Control Commission, reported that his commission had liquidated 400,000 “counter-revolutionaries” in the South-Western provinces during the same period. 47.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

18. “On 6 November, when the Assembly held its opening meeting and we listened to the earnest plea of the President of the French Republic for renewed efforts towards the achievement of the high purposes of the United Nations, an important French newspaper Le Monde published an account of events in my country, under the title “La revolution chinoise est entree dans une ere de violence”. The account is accurate though not complete. It deserves the attention of every representative. I do not pretend that I could give a complete account of the width and depth of the terror which today dominates the mainland of China. I shall briefly report to the Assembly the main features of the communist rule by mass murder. 44. At the beginning of October 1950, the communist authorities reviewed their first year’s accomplishments.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

19. “When we view the prospects of peace in the world today, as it is the duty of the General Assembly to do at each Session, we must ask ourselves this question: Have the States of the world made progress in respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms? I submit that this question should be put at the forefront of every session of the General Assembly. 41. In asking this basic question now, we must all be frightened by the present state of the world, for instead of making progress in the advancement of human rights and fundamental freedoms, we are actually drifting back to the age of barbarism. 42. I shall not discuss conditions in Eastern Europe, because they are relatively well known to you. I shall confine my remarks to conditions on the mainland of China. 43.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

20. “In defining the basic objectives of the Trusteeship System, Article 76 states that, among the basic objectives, one should be “to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion...” 39. The Charter makes very clear the basic importance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, both intrinsically and in their relation to international peace and co-operation. The importance attributed by the framers of the Charter to human rights and fundamental freedoms was due not only to the general enlightenment of the times,_ but also to a clear and deep recognition of the causes which had led to the Second World War. 40.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

21. “I would like to quote a part of Article 55: “With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:... “c. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.” 37. Chapter X of the Charter is devoted to the Economic and Social Council. In defining the functions and powers of that Council, Article 62 states: “2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.” 38. Chapter XII of the Charter is devoted to the International Trusteeship System.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

22. “To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion”, 35. Chapter IV of the Charter deals with the General Assembly. Article 13 states: “1. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of:... “ b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, cultural, educational and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.” 36. Chapter IX of the Charter is devoted to the subject of international economic and social co-operation.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

23. “The events leading up to aggressive war on the part of Japan and Germany were fresh in the minds of those who framed the Charter. It is for this reason that throughout the Articles of the Charter we find two consistent and intertwining themes. One is, of course, peace: the other is human rights and fundamental freedoms. Right in the Preamble to the Charter we find in the second paragraph, the declaration that we, the peoples of the United Nations, are determined “to reaffirm faith iii fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small...”. 34. _ Article 1 of the Charter states the purposes of the United Nations, among which is this: “3.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

24. “They succeeded in manipulating Japanese political life and public opinion to such an extent that their regime, in fact, became a totalitarian one. The suppression of freedom in Japan was a pre-condition and a prelude to aggressive war. 32. The representatives at the Sim Francisco Conference undoubtedly also remembered the development of Nazi rule in Germany before the German army marched against Poland in 1939. Hitler did away with the Weimar Republic. Fie established in place of the liberal Weimar Constitution a totalitarian regime which, for many years to come, the people of Germany and people everywhere will not easily forget. That was Hitler’s way of preparing Germany for aggressive war. If, by 1.939, Hitler had failed in that part of his task, he might have hesitated to launch aggression against Germany’s neighbours. 33.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

25. “It is only when they are deprived of their freedom and made to think and act as the dictators wish them to think and act that they appear to support an aggressive war. 31. When the Charter was framed, the events which had led to the Second World War were still fresh in the minds of the representatives assembled at San Francisco. They knew that the Japanese militarists could not have launched their full-scale war against my country in 1937, or their Pearl Harbour attack against the United States of America in 1941, unless and until they had secured absolute control in Japan. In the six years which preceded Japan's full-scale war against China, the militarists in Japan executed a series of terroristic acts to get rid of political leaders who stood for peace and moderation.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

26. “My delegation is glad to be in Paris once again. We are glad to be here not only because of the physical attractions and the kindliness and courtesy of the French Government and people, but also because of the French tradition of freedom. The struggle for human freedom in France during the last 150 years has been not only an achievement for the French people but a positive contribution to the whole world. 29. It seems to me self-evident that freedom and peace are inseparable. There can be no peace without freedom. If a peace without, freedom were established, it would entail the death of civilization. A living peace can be achieved only with and through freedom. 30. The peoples of the world desire peace. When they are free to express their opinions and decide their own destinies, they undoubtedly choose peace.”

    1951-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 6 (1951)

27. “That regime accepts the Russian ideology, serves Russian interests, and pledges itself to fight side by side with Russia. It is indeed amazing to find that several delegations in the General Assembly should consider that regime as able or willing to promote the aims of the United Nations and to act as representative of the Chinese people. In fact, that regime is neither able nor willing to promote the aims of the United Nations. In fact, that regime is totally un-Chinese. The Chinese people have not accepted and will never accept the communist regime. Given a moderate measure of moral and material aid, the 450 million Chinese will and can prove to the world that they remain a mighty contingent among the forces fighting for world freedom today.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

28. “As to ultimate aims in the ordering of society, the puppet regime in Peiping has always been and is today in agreement with the Leninist-Stalinist ideology. To practise appeasement in the belief that Mao Tse-tung might be another Tito is as vain a hope as that indulged in by many people that Munich might be the final settlement with Hitler. 109. In the discussions in the United Nations, several speakers have mentioned the 450 million people of China, as if the speakers knew for certain what the 450 million Chinese really desired. I can assure the General Assembly that the Chinese people regard the setting up of the puppet regime in Peiping not as a revolution but as another instance of foreign conquest, that is, Russian conquest.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

29. “I warn this General Assembly that in the case of China there is no possibility of Mao Tse-tung’s becoming a second Tito. The Kremlin finds that one Tito is one too many. We can be sure that the Kremlin has taken and will continue to take effective measures to prevent the rise of another Tito. On the part of the Chinese communists, their outlook upon world affairs has always been identical to that of Moscow. In the twenty-nine years of the existence of the Chinese Communist Party there has not been a single occasion when the Chinese communists differed from their masters at Moscow on a question of world policy. 108. In domestic matters, Moscow is not demanding and has no reason to demand an identical time-table of sovietization.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

30. “Under such circumstances, plans of defense based on any particular region of the world are bound to fail. Global aggression must be met with global defence. 106. In estimating the nature of Chinese communism, one section of world public opinion has passed from one error to another. The earlier error was to the effect that the Chinese communists were simple agrarian reformers. That error was propagated for an obvious purpose. Unfortunately, it was accepted by certain circles and has naturally and inevitably done great damage to the cause of world peace and world freedom. 107. At present that error, without being repudiated, is replaced by another error, namely, that Chinese communism will become “Titoist”. I doubt that the spread of totalitarianism would promote the freedom and happiness of mankind.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

31. “Some people still think that the industrialized nations have a high military potential and are therefore decisive in the world’s struggle, whereas the non-industrialized nations have a low military potential and will therefore play a rather indifferent role in that struggle. This distinction disappears if we understand the meaning of the campaign in Korea correctly. Northern Korea is among the relatively under-developed areas of the world. Within the brief space of five years the Soviet Union, by giving to Northern Korea modern military machines and the technical knowledge that goes with these machines, managed to establish in Northern Korea a military power of considerable strength. What has been achieved in Northern Korea could be easily duplicated in other parts of Asia. 105.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

32. “The basic fact in the world today is this huge Eurasian Power. Countries of Western Europe and Southeastern Asia are all on the fringe of this huge bloc. Today, to speak of Europe and Asia as two different and separate continents, is totally unrealistic. There is no longer this division between Europe and Asia. Western Europe and Southeastern Asia face the same enemy. Any gain by the new imperial Power in one area will be utilized for conquest in the other area. I fear that unless this fundamental truth is recognized, and recognized clearly by all, we will fail to meet this menace. 104. Political and military strategists have in the past made the mistake of keeping in their minds this division of Europe and Asia. In connexion with it there is another false distinction, namely, that of the industrialized and non-industrialized nations.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

33. “For this reason, my delegation supports the programme of the United States delegation for united action for peace [A/1377]. 101. The objectives of Stalinist aggression are clear to all. Ultimately, the objective is world domination. Stalinist aggression spares no country, whatever its political and social organization may be. It has already victimized countries of different political and social regimes. 102. The immediate objective of Stalinist aggression is the consolidation of its Eurasian power base. It has done well. Northern China, including Manchuria, Mongolia and Sinkiang, is virtually Soviet territory. Other parts of the Chinese mainland are partly controlled by Moscow’s obedient puppets. Korea, were it not for the prompt and effective aid given by the United Nations, would have fallen under Soviet control. 103.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

34. “With a Communist Party implanted in almost every country, eager to overthrow the legally constituted government by violence and sure to receive the material aid of communist parties of other countries, particularly of the Soviet Union, the technique of indirect aggression has been perfected. We have seen that technique used in Greece, China and now in Korea. Every civil war in which the communists participate as one of the antagonists, no matter in what country such civil war occurs, is aggression. This type of aggression should be named after its own master as I have named the other type after its master. This is Stalinist aggression. I warn the United Nations that it must adjust its mind and its machinery as quickly as possible to meet Stalinist aggression.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

35. “Roughly, we can divide aggressions into two types; one type is the brutal and open marching of the armies of one country into the territory of another. This is direct aggression. The most recent practitioner of this type of aggression was Hitler. We therefore can very well call this type of aggression Hitlerite aggression. I do not need to discuss this type at all, for it is a frankly brutal armed attack on one country by another. 100. We have reached a point in the world’s history when the Hitlerite type of aggression is made more difficult by world public opinion and, at the same time, made less necessary by certain new devices of political and military infiltration.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

36. “Russian and communist preparation and intervention in the internal affairs in all free and democratic countries make of every civil war, in which the communists constitute one of the two fighting parties, an aggression threatening the peace and security of the world. In the hands of the rulers of the Kremlin and its world-wide quisling agencies, the Cominform and the World Federation of Trade Unions, the civil wars of today — in Korea, China, Burma, Indo-China, the Philippines — are only phases of Russian imperialism aiming at communist world subversion and Soviet world domination. 98. The Security Council has treated the Korean crisis as a case of aggression. I have no doubt that the General Assembly will do likewise. 99. The world has unfortunately experienced aggressions and breaches of the peace throughout its history.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

37. “What the propagandists of Moscow call the Korean civil war is, of course, a part of this plan of world domination by Soviet Russia. The aggression of North Korea was organized, financed, directed and ordered by the Soviet Union Government. The so-called Korean civil war is not Korean at all; it is only a part of the Soviet campaign for world domination. This fundamental fact was well understood by all representatives in the Security Council in the last week of June and in the month of July. It was only on 3 August 1950 that the Soviet Union representative tried to becloud the issue. In spite of Soviet efforts, the essential nature of the Korean crisis remains clear to all the peoples of the world. Today, in the light of the two new factors which I have just mentioned, there are no more civil wars.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

38. “I refer to the Cominform, which is only an auxiliary of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the USSR. 96. The second great factor which characterizes the international situation today, as distinct from the< international situation in the nineteenth century, is the existence of a big Power which inspires, instigates, incites, organizes and orders civil wars in all countries which are not, or refuse to be, satellites of this big Power. I refer to communist Russia, the Government of which is the head and heart of a vast conspiracy to develop and direct civil wars in all lands not controlled by the Kremlin, with the purpose of turning those lands, through such civil wars, into dependencies of totalitarian Russia. 97.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

39. “The emergence of totalitarian Russia, fascist Italy and nazi Germany, whose partnership with Moscow was the signal for the Second World War, has created an international situation entirely different from the one which prevailed in the nineteenth century. Then, international law meant something. Now, two new decisive factors and developments have appeared to divide history into different epochs. The international situation today is totally different from the international situation in the nineteenth century. 95. In the first place, there exists today a world-wide organization which is devoted solely to the promotion and preparation, the fostering, fomenting and financing of civil wars in all countries which are not ruled by a communist dictatorship subservient to the supreme dictator in the Kremlin.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

40. “Izvestia, tried to brand the United Nations in general, and the United States in particular, as the aggressors in Korea. The Kremlin town crier even went so far as to refer to the American Civil War as a case in confirmation of the communist thesis. It so happened that in the Civil War in the United States the parties engaged were the North and South. The coincidence of names has been exploited by Soviet propaganda. 93. Mr. Malik and his masters are suddenly professing loyalty to doctrines of international law which once held true and which should still hold true. But we are not living in the sixties of the last century. This is the middle of the twentieth century — more than three decades after the degeneration and the destruction of the great democratic revolution in Russia. 94.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

41. “On 6 August the official Soviet daily Izvestia elaborated on this theory of civil war in the following words: “Among the fundamental principles of international law, which regulate foreign policy relations between states, a principle that has gained universal acceptance in the inadmissibility of foreign intervention in the internal affairs of states. Contemporary international law views such intervention, in the form of an attack by one state on another, as a heinous international crime… There has never been a question of regarding a struggle within one state, a civil war, an internal conflict, as aggression. Conversely, intervention by foreign states in internal conflicts, in civil wars in any country whatsoever, has invariably been designated as a typical manifestation of aggression.” 92.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

42. “The military operations between the North and South Koreans are of an internal character; they bear the character of a civil war. There is therefore no justification for regarding these military operations as aggression.” 91. In advancing this theory, the representative of the Soviet Union was, of course, trying to lay down a basis for rejecting the deliberate judgment of the Security Council that Moscow’s North Korean puppet had committed aggression. In that matter, Mr. Malik was faithfully carrying out the Communist Party line laid down for him.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

43. “In the debates of the Security Council on 25 and 27 June 1950, when the Council went as far as to apply sanctions against the aggressor, the most notable feature was the fact that no delegation thought the Korean crisis was a mere civil war, although in appearance it might be called a civil war. Every delegation discarded the appearance and seized on the reality, which is the aggression of international communism, led and nourished by the Soviet Union. 90. It was only in August that one delegation tried to foist upon world public opinion the idea of civil war in Korea. On 3 August 1950 the representative of the Soviet Union told the Security Council, and I quote from the verbatim record: “It is clear to anyone with a grain of impartiality that a civil war is in progress in Korea between the North and South Koreans.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

44. “Indeed, although the United Nations Charter provides a number of organs performing within its own field a particular line of duty, the primary purpose of the United Nations is the prevention of war, that means the prevention of aggression and the prevention of breaches of the peace. 88. The United Nations has met its first great test in Korea — and met it magnificently — with the Security Council resolutions of 25 and 27 June 1950. The decisions of those two days have received the support of fifty-three Member States. In the judgment of my delegation, what the Security Council has done in the Korean crisis represents the greatest achievement of the United Nations since its foundation five years ago. 89.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

45. “The Secretary-General’s annual report shows us the wide range of activities in which the United Nations has been engaged during the past year. In many fields notable achievements have been recorded, and in others good foundations have been laid. This positive and constructive work constitutes the bright side of an otherwise distressing picture of the world, and we must acknowledge our debt to the councils, commissions and committees and to the host of experts and international civil servants of the Secretariat for their devotion and contribution. 87. In ordinary times the peoples of the world would watch the progress of the work of the United Nations along the various lines with almost equal interest, but we are not living in ordinary times. The attention of the world is concentrated on one question, whether there will be war or peace.”

    1950-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 5 (1950)

46. “He added that the General Committee’s report on the agenda was before the Assembly, and emphasized the need to expedite the work of the Assembly as far as possible.”

    1949-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 4 (1949)

47. “In the end that aggression had destroyed the League of Nations and had engulfed many countries in southern Asia and around the Pacific. Could the United Nations maintain its prestige and develop its usefulness by ignoring what had taken place in China? The Chinese delegation was convinced that such a course of action on the part of the General Assembly would, in the long run, prove to be short-sighted. It requested the representatives of the nations gathered together to pay due attention to the storm that had reached China and would soon reach other countries. 19. The President pointed out that there was only one more speaker on the list for the morning meeting and inquired whether any other Member was prepared to speak.”

    1949-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 4 (1949)

48. “The representative of China, in calling attention to the seriousness of the situation in the. Far East, might incur the displeasure of some of his colleagues who, eager for peace, were only too ready to imagine that peace had already been achieved. Such colleagues might regard his survey of the situation as unpleasant or inconvenient, just as the voice of China in the Assembly and Council of the League of Nations in Geneva in 1931 and 1932 had been declared unwelcome by representatives of several countries. In the face of the Japanese aggression in 1931, many people had wished to be let alone, and to let the aggressor alone. The appeasement policy which the Assembly of the League had pursued towards the Japanese had not stopped their aggression.”

    1949-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 4 (1949)

49. “Building the dyke on one bank of the river had forced the waters to overflow on the other bank. The Marshall Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty, while strengthening the forces of freedom in one part of the world, had really, though unintentionally, increased the dangers to the peoples living in the other part of the world. Mr. Tsiang appealed to the General Assembly to ponder over the situation in the Far East and the grave dangers to world peace and security, and to have the courage to embrace the vision of one indivisible world and not to retreat to the illusory security of half a world. 18. Since the conclusion of the Second World War, nothing that had happened in any part of the world was more serious than what had happened in China during the past year. The Assembly might close its eyes to those events and lull itself to sleep.”

    1949-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 4 (1949)

50. “The strident voice of Mao Tze-tung had announced that the Chinese, communists were a new and mighty contingent in the armies of world revolution which was to spread to South-East Africa and finally to cover the whole world, and that in the event of a third war, communist China would fight on the side of the USSR. 16. China was fighting against that new evil as it had fought twelve years previously, and for over eight years, against Japanese aggression. The resistance of free China was as important as its resistance to Japan in the Second World War. Geography had placed China in the front lines of the world struggle. The ultimate outcome would decide not only the future of China but that of many neighbouring countries in Asia and even the future of the whole world. 17.”

    1949-09-24 · UN General Assembly · General Debate, Session 4 (1949)