YouSaid · the spoken record

Jeremy Greenstock

lines on the record

1,478

first

1998-07-30

most recent

2003-07-25

sittings or episodes

194

sources

un-security-council

Every line below is reproduced as it was said and linked to the record it came from. Nothing here is summarised or generated. Directory · Search · Corrections

1. “I should like to inform the Council that I have received a letter dated 24 July 2002 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations, which will be issued as document 8/2002/831 and which reads as follows: "I have the honour to request the Security Council to extend an invitation under rule 39 of its provisional rules of procedure to His Excellency Mr.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4588 (2002) · source

2. “In conformity with past practice in this matter, I propose that the Council extend an invitation under rule 39 of its provisional rules of procedure to the Acting Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People. There being no objection, it is so decided. I invite the Acting Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, Mr. Bruno Rodriguez Parrilla, to take the seat reserved for him at the side of the Council Chamber.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4588 (2002) · source

3. “There being no objection, it is so decided. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Al-Kidwa (Palestine) took a seat at the Council table. The President: I should also like to inform the Council that I have received a letter dated 24 July 2002 from the Acting Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, which reads as follows: "In my capacity as Acting Chairman of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, I have the honour to request that I be invited to participate in the debate on the situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question, under rule 39 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council." On previous occasions, the Security Council has extended invitations to representatives of other United Nations bodies in connection with the consideration of matters on its agenda.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4588 (2002) · source

4. “The President: I should like to inform the Council that I have received a letter dated 24 July 2002 from the Permanent Observer of Palestine to the United Nations, which will be issued as document S/2002/830 and which reads as follows: "I have the honour to request that, in accordance with its previous practice, the Security Council invite the Permanent Observer of Palestine to the United Nations to participate in the meeting of the Security Council to be held today, Wednesday, 24 July 2002, regarding the situation in the occupied Palestinian territory, including Jerusalem." I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite the Permanent Observer of Palestine to participate in the meeting, in accordance with the Council's provisional rules of procedure and with previous practice in this regard.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4588 (2002) · source

5. “Buallay (Bahrain), Mr. Maquieira (Chile), Mr. Rodriguez Parrilla (Cuba), Ms. Laj (Denmark), Mr. Aboul Atta (Egypt), Mr. Nambiar (India), Mr. Hidayat (Indonesia), Mr. Fadaifard (Islamic Republic of Iran), Mr. Al-Kadhe (Iraq), Mr. Motomura (Japan), Prince Zeid Rand Zeid Al-Hussein (Jordan), Mr. Abulhasan (Kuwait), Mr. Hasmy (Malaysia), Mr. Akram (Pakistan), Mr. Shobokshi (Saudi Arabia), Mr. Kumalo (South Africa), Mr. Manis (Sudan), Mr. Ayari (Tunisia) and Mr. Al-Saidi (Yemen) took the seats reserved for them at the side of the Council Chamber.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4588 (2002) · source

6. “I should like to inform the Council that I have received letters from the representatives of Bahrain, Chile, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, India, Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, the Sudan, Tunisia and Yemen, in which they request to be invited to participate in the discussion of the item on the Council's agenda. In conformity with the usual practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite those representatives to participate in the discussion, without the right to vote, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure. There being no objection, it is so decided. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Jacob (Israel) took a seat at the Council table; Mr.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4588 (2002) · source

7. “"We look forward to the day in the near future when the Swiss Confederation will join us as a Member of the United Nations and to working closely with its representatives." This statement will be issued as a document of the Security Council under the symbol S/PRST/2002/23. The Council has thus concluded its consideration of the matter before it. The meeting rose at 1.05 p.m.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4585 (2002) · source

8. “I shall now make a statement, in my capacity as President of the Security Council, on behalf of the members of the Council. "The Security Council has decided to recommend to the General Assembly that the Swiss Confederation be admitted as a Member of the United Nations. On behalf of the members of the Council, I wish to extend my congratulations to the Swiss Confederation on this historic occasion. "The Council notes with great satisfaction the Swiss Confederation's solemn commitment to uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and to fulfil all the obligations contained therein.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4585 (2002) · source

9. “In accordance with the understanding reached in prior consultations among members of the Council, I propose that the Council adopt the draft resolution contained in paragraph 3 of the report of the Committee on the Admission of New Members without a vote. As I see no objection, it is so decided. I therefore declare that the draft resolution contained in paragraph 3 of the report of the Committee on the Admission of New Members (S/2002/825) has been adopted without a vote as resolution 1426 (2002). I shall convey the decision of the Security Council recommending the admission of the Swiss Confederation to membership in the United Nations to the Secretary-General for transmittal to the fifty- seventh session of the General Assembly in accordance with rule 60 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure.”

   2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4585 (2002) · source

10. “Under the item on its agenda, the Security Council will now begin its consideration of the report of the Committee on the Admission of New Members concerning the application of the Swiss Confederation for admission to membership in the United Nations. The report appears as document 8/2002/825. In paragraph 3 of the report, the Committee recommends to the Security Council the adoption of a draft resolution on the application of Swiss Confederation for admission to membership in the United Nations. I should like to congratulate the Committee on its unanimous decision to recommend that the Swiss Confederation be admitted to membership in the United Nations.”

    2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4585 (2002) · source

11. “I would propose that the Committee on the Admission of New Members meet at 11 o'clock this morning, in Conference Room 7, to consider the application of the Swiss Confederation for membership in the United Nations. The meeting rose at 10.45 a.m.”

    2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4584 (2002) · source

12. “The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. In a letter dated 20 June 2002 addressed to the Secretary-General, the President and the Chancellor of the Swiss Confederation submitted the application of their country for membership in the United Nations. That letter has been circulated in document S/2002/801. Under the provisions of rule 59 of the provisional rules of procedure of the Security Council, unless the Council decides otherwise, an application for membership shall be referred by the President of the Council to the Committee on the Admission of New Members. Accordingly, unless I hear a proposal to the contrary, I shall refer the application of the Swiss Confederation to the Committee on the Admission of New Members for examination and report. As I hear no objection, it is so decided.”

    2002-07-24 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4584 (2002) · source

13. “"The Security Council reiterates its full support for the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and for all MONUC personnel, and demands that RCD-Goma fully cooperate with the Special Representative and MONUC in the implementation of their mandate. "The Security Council, noting the encouraging political developments both in terms of contacts among the Congolese parties and among regional States, calls on all the parties to recommit themselves to taking forward these political processes and to refrain from any military action that would undermine the progress for peace." This statement will be issued as a document of Security Council under the symbol S/PRST/2002/22. The Security Council has thus concluded the present stage of its consideration of the item on its agenda.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

14. “"The Security Council reiterates the importance it attaches to an all-inclusive agreement on the political transition, taking into account the progress achieved in Sun City, and in the this regard expresses its full support for the efforts of the Special Envoy of the Secretary- General and calls on all actors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in the region to cooperate fully with him. The Council welcomes the support of the African Union, in particular through the Special Representative of the Interim Chairman of its Commission, for this process. "The Security Council reaffirms the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and all other States in the region.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

15. “In this regard, it encourages the leaders of the two countries to continue working out ways to address their fundamental security concerns, and welcomes the discussions between representatives of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda on the idea of a curtain of troops, as a mechanism for countries of the region to cooperate to ensure the security of their common borders. "The Security Council requests MONUC and the JMC to assist the parties in the development of the curtain mechanism.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

16. “"The Security Council welcomes the efforts and good offices of the Republic of South Africa, in its capacity as Chair of the African Union, and of the Secretary General, to help the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda reach an agreement to tackle the problem of the armed groups and to take forward the withdrawal of Rwandan troops, in the context of the full withdrawal of all foreign troops from the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in accordance with the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement and relevant Security Council resolutions.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

17. “It also expresses concern at the military actions in Pweto. It requests the Political Committee of the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement to address expeditiously the issue of Pweto, in accordance with the Kampala and Harare plans for disengagement and with the decisions taken by the Joint Military Commission (JMC), and in accordance with its resolution 1399 (2002) of 19 March 2002.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

18. “"The Security Council also expresses its deep concern at the strengthening of troops in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It expresses particular concern at the situation in South Kivu, in particular in the Hauts Plateaux and around Minembwe, where fighting has increased between the Rwandan Patriotic Army and Banyamulenge, supported by other armed forces. It calls for the cessation of this fighting, which is having a severe humanitarian impact on the population in the area. It calls on the Government of Rwanda to cooperate with the teams from MONUC and OCHA which are to be sent to the area as soon as possible to establish the facts, including by providing the necessary security guarantees. "The Security Council also expresses its concern at the rising tensions in the Ituri region and calls on all parties to exert restraint.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

19. “"The Security Council reiterates that RCD- Goma must demilitarize Kisangani without any further delay or condition and stresses this would prevent any future recurrence of these recent tragic events. RCD-Goma must also cooperate with MONUC and OHCHR in their investigations to identify all the victims and perpetrators in Kisangani so that the latter will be brought to justice, and also to ensure an end to all violations of human rights and to impunity in all areas under its control. "The Security Council expresses its serious concern at the absence of accountability throughout the Democratic Republic of the Congo noted in the report of the OHCHR, and calls on all parties to take immediate steps to ensure an end to impunity and full respect for human rights.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

20. “"The Security Council stresses that RCD- Goma will be held accountable for any extrajudicial executions, including among members of the civil society or detainees at the detention centres of RCD in Kisangani. It also stresses that Rwanda has a duty to use its strong influence to ensure that RCD-Goma takes no such action. It requests MONUC to continue its investigations in cooperation with the OHCHR in order to gather further information concerning the massacres in Kisangani and to make recommendations on concrete measures to be taken to effectively end impunity. It recalls MONUC's mandate to extend its protection, in accordance with its resolution 1417 (2002) of 6 June 2002, to civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, in the areas of deployment of its armed units, and as it deems it within its capabilities.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

21. “It reiterates its strong condemnation of the killings and attacks against civilians, soldiers and police officers that took place on 14 May 2002 and thereafter in Kisangani. The Security Council stresses that the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Democratie (RCD-Goma) is responsible for the massacres that took place after regaining control over the city's radio station on 14 May. The Security Council demands that RCD-Goma take the necessary measures to bring the perpetrators and those among them who ordered or were involved in the massacre to justice. The Security Council stresses that Rwanda has a duty to use its strong influence to ensure that RCD-Goma complies with this demand.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

22. “The Council is meeting in accordance with the understanding reached in its prior consultations. After consultations among members of the Security Council, I have been authorized to make the following statement on behalf of the Council: "The Security Council recalls the seriousness of the events that took place in Kisangani on 14 May 2002 and immediately thereafter, and expresses its appreciation for the report and recommendations presented to the Council by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (S/2002/764), building on the investigation conducted in association with the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) into the events to which the Council had drawn the attention of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (S/PRST/2002/17).”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

23. “I should like to inform the Council that I have received a letter from the representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in which he requests to be invited to participate in the discussion of the item on the Council's agenda. In conformity with the usual practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite that representative to participate in the discussion, without the right to vote, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure. There being no objection it is so decided. At the invitation of the President, Mr. Ileka (Democratic Republic of the Congo) took a seat at the Council table. The President: The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4583 (2002) · source

24. “The Council also takes note of the intention of the ICTY to amend its Rules of Procedure and Evidence in order to facilitate the referral of cases to competent national jurisdictions. "The Security Council will remain seized of this matter." This statement will be issued as a document of Security Council under the symbol S/PRST/2002/21. The Security Council has thus concluded the present stage of its consideration of the item on its agenda. The meeting rose at 1.05 p.m.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4582 (2002) · source

25. “The Council invites States and relevant international and regional organizations to contribute as appropriate to the strengthening of national judicial systems of the States of the former Yugoslavia in order to facilitate the implementation of this policy. "The Security Council takes note of the recommendations of the ICTY with regard to the creation, as proposed by the High Representative to Bosnia and Herzegovina, of a specific Chamber, within the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to deal with serious violations of international humanitarian law. The Security Council is ready to look constructively and positively at this matter when more details of the proposed arrangements are available.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4582 (2002) · source

26. “"The Council recognizes, as it has done on other occasions, for example, in its resolution 1329 (2000) of 30 November 2000, that the ICTY should concentrate its work on the prosecution and trial of the civilian, military and paramilitary leaders suspected of being responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991, rather than on minor actors. "The Security Council therefore endorses the report's broad strategy for the transfer of cases involving intermediary and lower-level accused to competent national jurisdictions as likely to be to be in practice the best way of allowing the ICTY to achieve its current objective of completing all trial activities at first instance by 2008.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4582 (2002) · source

27. “The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. The Council is meeting in accordance with the understanding reached in its prior consultations. After consultations among members of the Security Council, I have been authorized to make the following statement on behalf of the Council: "The Security Council welcomes the report on the judicial status of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the prospects for referring certain cases to national courts (S/2002/678) submitted by the President of the Tribunal on 10 June 2002.”

    2002-07-23 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4582 (2002) · source

28. “In favour: Bulgaria, Cameroon, China, Colombia, France, Guinea, Ireland, Mauritius, Mexico, Norway, Russian Federation, Singapore, Syrian Arab Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America The President: There were 15 votes in favour. The draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as resolution 1425 (2002). The Security Council has thus concluded the present stage of its consideration of the item on its agenda. The Council will remain seized of the matter. The meeting rose at 12.55 p.m.”

    2002-07-22 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4580 (2002) · source

29. “The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. The Council is meeting in accordance with the understanding reached in its prior consultations. Members of the Council have before them the report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Somalia, document 5/2002/709. Members of the Council also have before them document S/2002/799, which contains the text of a draft resolution prepared in the course of the Council's prior consultations. It is my understanding that the Council is ready to proceed to the vote on the draft resolution before it. Unless I hear any objection, I shall put the draft resolution to the vote now. There being no objection, it is so decided. A vote was taken by a Show of hands.”

    2002-07-22 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4580 (2002) · source

30. “I thank the Special Representative very warmly for his presence here today, for his important message to the Council and for those concluding remarks. We should like him to ensure that the gratitude and admiration of Council members is conveyed back to the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and to the whole family of United Nations agencies on the ground. There are no further speakers left on my list. The The meeting rose at 4.55 p.m. Security Council has thus concluded the present stage of its consideration of the item on its agenda.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

31. “The representative of Afghanistan has asked me to express, on his behalf, his thanks for the condolences offered on the death of Vice-President Haji Abdul Qadir. I should now like to give the floor to the Special Representative to take up any points on which he might wish to comment.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

32. “The last speaker on my list is the representative of Pakistan. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

33. “The next speaker inscribed on my list is the representative of Canada. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

34. “The next speaker on my list is the representative of Malaysia. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

35. “The next speaker on my list is the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

36. “The next speaker inscribed on my list is the representative of India. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

37. “The next speaker is the representative of Nepal. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

38. “The next speaker is the representative of Ukraine. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

39. “The next speaker is the representative of the Republic of Korea. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

40. “The next speaker is the representative of Turkey. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

41. “The next speaker on my list is the representative of Denmark. I invite her to take a seat at the Council table and make her statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

42. “The next speaker inscribed on my list is the representative of the Organization of the Islamic Conference to the United Nations, to whom the Council extended an invitation under rule 39 of its provisional rules of procedure. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

43. “The next speaker inscribed on my list is the representative of Tajikistan. I invite him to take a seat at the Council table and to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579Resumption1 (2002) · source

44. “I thank the Special Representative very much for those very clear responses to questions raised. We are now into the lunch hour and, with the concurrence of the Council, I intend to suspend the meeting now and to resume it at 3 pm. The meeting was suspended at 1.35 p.m.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579 (2002) · source

45. “The next speaker is the representative of Japan. I have much pleasure in welcoming Mrs. Sadako Ogata to the Council as the representative of the Prime Minister of Japan. I invite her to take a seat at the Council table and to make her statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579 (2002) · source

46. “Secondly, although Ambassador Kolby and others have underlined the importance of work on gender and women's issues, could the Special Representative say what structures are being put in place for that by the Afghans themselves, and what capacity he has in UNAMA for linking with those structures to make sure that women's issues are taken forward in practice and on the ground. I now resume my function as President of the Council and would like to continue with the speakers list under rule 37. I invite the representative of Afghanistan to make his statement.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579 (2002) · source

47. “This will be an important opportunity to coordinate efforts in the field of counter-narcotics with wider strategic planning. We shall have some specific proposals to make at that conference. I have a couple of questions for the Special Representative. There has not been any mention this morning, or in his remarks, of the incidents of corruption in the Afghan structures, and in Kabul and the local administrations. I would like him to say a word about that, because if that ugly factor begins to raise its head, it needs to be cut down very quickly to encourage an open, transparent and honest administration throughout the entire Afghan territory.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579 (2002) · source

48. “That is one instance where there needs to be properly structured security sector reform, and the United Kingdom will contribute strongly to that structure as part of its significant overall contribution to work in Afghanistan. Secondly, we echo the Special Representative's call for the rapid delivery by donors of funds already pledged to provide for effective and visible development achievements in the provinces. This is critical, not only for its own sake but also to establish the credibility of the Transitional Authority in the eyes of the Afghan people. So I hope the pleas of speakers around the table this morning will be heard by the wider international community. I remind members of the Council that the United Kingdom will host the Kabul Coordination Conference on Counter-Narcotics on 23 July 2002.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579 (2002) · source

49. “We are very pleased that Turkey has taken over the leadership of that force in fine spirit, and we will continue to contribute strongly to it. We share the concern of Ambassador Brahimi and others about insecurity in the provinces outside Kabul and its implications for the humanitarian recovery effort. On that I share the analysis of my French colleague, Ambassador Levitte. We attach early and particular importance to progress on security sector reform, within the framework of a coherent overall strategy. It is very important, for instance, to ensure consistency between the ongoing army training, led by the United States with the help, particularly, of France, and the demobilization of private militias and the programmes for that.”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579 (2002) · source

50. “I now make a few remarks in my capacity as representative of the United Kingdom. First, I join others in thanking Ambassador Brahimi for his very thoughtful and important analysis, which is very much in line with our own assessment of the current situation in Afghanistan and of priorities for the way ahead. We share much of the analysis of other speakers during this debate, and our overall policy is aligned with that of the European Union, on whose behalf the representative of Denmark will make a statement later. I will highlight a few particular points. We are grateful for the kind remarks around the table about the role of the United Kingdom in its six-month leadership of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).”

    2002-07-19 · UN Security Council · Security Council, S/PV.4579 (2002) · source