Ms Nusrat Ghani
MP for Sussex Weald · Conservative · United Kingdom
“Before we come to the urgent question, I must say how disappointing it is that the Government were not forthcoming with a proactive ministerial statement on this matter. The disruption to aviation and the impact on many constituents has been considerable.”
“The point of order and its content are not a matter for the Chair. I have not been notified of any Minister coming forward at this point, but I have only just come into the Chair. If the hon.”
“(3) Regulations under section 14Z45B must provide that, where an out-of-hospital service is to be provided to a patient, the integrated care board must— (a) offer the patient a choice of at least two providers capable of providing the service, which may include NHS bodies and independent sector providers approved to provide that service u…”
“(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the relevant requirements are— (a) that the special educational provision set out in section F of an EHC plan meets the needs identified by an EHC needs assessment; (b) that ICBs can be required to provide such special educational provision; (c) that ICBs must provide such special educational provis…”
“(3) The Charter must— (a) set out the fundamental principles and responsibilities for assessing whether a data sharing partnership is in the interest of the public and the NHS; (b) include the primary goal of protecting people’s privacy and their data from exploitation, while promoting trust in data systems and the handling of health data…”
“(2) Arrangements under subsection (1) must, so far as reasonably practicable, provide for— (a) general practitioners, dentists, pharmacists and other relevant primary care professionals to work together as part of integrated local primary care teams; (b) the sharing of relevant patient information between those professionals through secur…”
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“(2) For the purposes of this section, “pond” means a permanent or seasonal standing body of water with a surface area not exceeding 2 hectares.” This new clause would require the Secretary of State to make regulations to allow the creation of new ponds under 0.2 hectares in size without planning permission being required.”
“(2) The Secretary of State must make provision for any affected small business or charitable organisation to receive financial compensation or other equivalent support to recover or mitigate the detriment suffered.” New clause 30— Permitted development for ponds — “(1) The Secretary of State must, within six months of the passing of this Act, make regulations under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 to amend Schedule 2 to the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 so as to include the creation of ponds with a surface area of less than 0.2 hectares as permitted development.”
“New clause 28— Pre-application consultation of emergency services — “In Schedule 4 of the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015, after paragraph (zf) insert— “(zg) Development which is likely to affect operations of ambulance services The ambulance trust concerned (zh) Development which is likely to affect operations of fire and rescue services The fire and rescue service concerned”” New clause 29— Support for small businesses and charities affected by roadworks — “(1) This section applies where— (a) any building or development works require or involve works to or on the road network, or otherwise result in road closures, (b) such roadworks or closures have lasted, or are expected to last, for a period of six months or more, and (c) any small business or charitable organisation suffers a material financial, access or other detriment resulting from the roadworks or closures.”
“New clause 27— Gardens Trust to be statutory consultees for planning applications — “In Schedule 4 of the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015, after paragraph (zf) insert— “(zg) Development likely to affect historic parks or gardens The Gardens Trust”” This new clause would ensure that the Gardens Trust are included as statutory consultees in planning applications.”
“New clause 26— Environmental improvement duty: nature restoration levy — “(1) Subsection (2) applies where Natural England agrees to a request to pay the nature restoration levy. (2) The Secretary of State has a duty to ensure to a high degree of certainty based on an objective assessment that significant and measurable improvements to the conservation status of each identified environmental feature is achieved within the period covered by the EDP.” This new clause would place a duty on the Secretary of State to ensure significant environmental improvements for protected features during the EDP period.”
“New clause 24— Housing needs of ageing population — “Any plan or strategy produced by a local planning authority which proposes the development of housing must include an assessment of the housing needs of an ageing population.” New clause 25— National Landscape Partnerships to be statutory consultees for planning applications— “In Schedule 4 of the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) Order 2015, after paragraph (zf) insert— “(zg) Development likely to affect an area covered by a National Landscape Partnership The relevant National Landscape Partnership”” This amendment to the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) Order 2015 would ensure that National Landscape Partnerships are included as statutory consultees in planning applications which impact their areas.”
“(2) Where a review recommends that action be taken to improve the development’s drainage performance, the developer must implement such recommendations, giving priority to those relating to flood risk.” This new clause requires developers to review the drainage performance of a development five years after being built.”
“New clause 21— Local plan compliance with Land Use Framework and nature recovery strategies — “When developing a local plan, a local planning authority must consider whether the plan complies with— (a) the Land Use Framework, and (b) any nature recovery strategy relevant to the area covered by the plan.” This new clause seeks to ensure that Local Plans comply with the Land Use Framework and local nature recovery strategies. New clause 23— Review of drainage performance of new developments — “(1) A review of a development’s drainage performance must take place five years after the completion of the development.”
“(1AA) Where a building is used for the purpose of Class C3, the use of that building for the purpose of Class C5 or Class C6 (or vice versa) is to be taken to involve development of the land. (1AB) Where a building is used for the purpose of Class C5, the use of that building for the purpose of Class C6 (or vice versa) is to be taken to involve development of the land.”” This new clause would require planning permission to be obtained to change the use of a dwelling to a second home or to a short term let use class and for changes of use between those classes.”
“New clause 19— Extension of use classes C5 and C6 to England — “In article 1(2) of the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Amendment) (Wales) Order 2022, after “Wales” insert “, except in relation to articles 2(e) and 2(f), which apply in relation to England and Wales”.” This new clause of existing regulations would extend use classes C5 (Dwellinghouses, used otherwise than as sole or main residences) and C6 (Short-term lets), which currently only to apply to Wales, to England. New clause 20— Change of certain use classes to require permission — “In article 3(1) of the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987, at end insert “, subject to paragraphs (1AA) and (1AB).”
“New clause 18— Local Area Energy Plans — “(1) All local authorities and combined authorities must create a Local Area Energy Plan. (2) For the purposes of this section, a “Local Area Energy Plan” means an outline of how the relevant authority proposes to transition its area’s energy system to Net Zero.” This new clause would require all local and combined authorities to develop Local Area Energy Plans which set out how they will meet their Net Zero goals.”
“(5) Where a major energy infrastructure project is offshore, regulations made under this section must provide for the financial benefits accruing to a community under this section to be paid into a strategic fund operated by the relevant council. (6) Regulations made under this section may, among other things— (a) specify the powers, purposes, responsibilities and constitution of a council strategic fund; (b) make further provision determining which communities are qualifying under this section, and defining community for this purpose; (c) confer functions in connection with the scheme; (d) provide for delegation of functions conferred in connection with the scheme.” This new clause sets out a scheme for providing financial benefits to communities in areas connected with major energy infrastructure schemes.”
“(3) Financial benefits provided for by a scheme under this section must— (a) be provided by the owner of the relevant major energy infrastructure project, and (b) amount to 5% of the annual revenue of the relevant project. (4) Where a major energy infrastructure project is onshore, regulations made under this section must— (a) provide for two-thirds of the financial benefits accruing to a community under this section to be paid to the council of that community, and (b) provide for one third of the financial benefits accruing to a community under this section to be paid into a strategic fund operated by the council.”
“(3) For the purposes of this section, “playing fields” and “playing pitches” have the same meanings as in the Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2010.” This new clause would require local authorities to preserve playing fields when granting permission for development. New clause 17— Community benefit from major energy infrastructure projects — “(1) The Secretary of State must by regulations establish a scheme under which communities with a specified connection to a major energy infrastructure project are entitled to financial benefits. (2) In subsection (1), “major energy infrastructure project” and “specified connection” have such meaning as the Secretary of State may by regulations specify, provided that any such definition includes all newly consented renewable energy projects.”
“(b) consult on the introduction of further measures for the purposes of enabling distribution network upgrades and reinforcements to be delivered as permitted development.” This new clause would expand permitted development rights for upgrades to the transmission network. New clause 16— Preservation of playing fields and pitches — “(1) A local planning authority must, when exercising any of its functions, ensure the preservation of playing fields and playing pitches. (2) The duty in subsection (1) may, when granting permission for development, be met through the imposition of conditions or requirements relating to— (a) the protection of playing fields or playing pitches affected by the development; or (b) the provision of alternative, additional or expanded playing fields or playing pitches.”
“New clause 15— Extension of permitted development — “The Secretary of State must, within 12 months of the passing of this Act— (a) make provision for the following to be included as permitted development— (i) upgrading of existing lines from single to three phase; (ii) alteration of conductor type; (iii) increase in the height of distribution network supports to maintain minimum ground clearances under the Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002; (iv) increase in the distance of supporting structures by up to 60m from their existing position when replacing an existing overhead line; (v) in relation to new connections from an existing line, an increase in nominal voltage to a maximum of 33kV and related increase in pole heights; (vi) upgrading of existing lines from 6.6kV to 11kV; (vii) installation of additional stays supporting wood poles; (viii) upgrading of existing apparatus, including the increase of capacity of pole mounted transformers, subject to the provisions of section 37(1) of the Electricity Act 1989 and the Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002; (ix) temporary placement of a line for a period of up to two years.”
“(2) Any powers granted must be compatible with the need to complete works related to development in a timely, inexpensive and uncomplicated manner, and may include the provision of compensation to relevant landowners.” This new clause would require the Secretary of State to consult on giving electricity distribution network operators powers in relation to the acquisition of and access to land.”
“New clause 14— Electricity distribution networks: land and access rights — “(1) The Secretary of State must, within 12 months of the passing of this Act, consult on and implement measures to give electricity distribution network operators powers in relation, but not limited, to— (a) the acquisition of rights over land for new and existing overhead lines and underground cables; (b) the acquisition of land for new substations or the extension of existing substations; (c) the entering into of land for the purposes of maintaining existing equipment; (d) the entering into of land for the purposes of managing vegetation growth which is interfering with the safety or operation of overhead equipment.”
“New clause 13— Removal of statutory consultees— “(1) A party may only be removed from the list of consultees— (a) in or under section 42 of the Planning Act 2008, or (b) in Schedule 1 of the Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009,once Parliamentary approval for the removal has been signified. (2) Parliamentary approval may be signified by— (a) the approval of a relevant statutory instrument; (b) the agreement of a relevant motion.” This new clause would make the removal of statutory consultees subject to parliamentary approval.”
“New clause 12 —Considerations when deciding an application for development consent— “In section 55 of the Planning Act 2008 (acceptance of applications), after subsection (4) insert— “(4A) When deciding whether to accept an application, the Secretary of State must have regard to the extent to which consultation with affected communities has— (a) identified and resolved issues at the earliest opportunity; (b) enabled interested parties to understand and influence the proposed project, provided feedback on potential options, and encouraged the community to help shape the proposal to maximise local benefits and minimise any disbenefits; (c) enabled applicants to obtain relevant information about the economic, social, community and environmental effects of the project; and (d) enabled appropriate mitigation measures to be identified, considered and, if appropriate, embedded into the proposed application before the application was submitted.”” This new clause to the Planning Act would require the Secretary of State to consider the content and adequacy of consultation undertaken with affected communities when deciding an application for development consent.”
“New clause 11— Register of planning applications from political donors— “(1) A local planning authority must maintain and publish a register of planning applications in its area where— (a) a determination has been made by the Secretary of State responsible for housing and planning, and (b) the applicant has made a donation to the Secretary of State responsible for housing and planning within the period of ten years prior to the application being made. (2) A register maintained under this section must be published at least once each year.” This new clause would require a local planning authority to keep and publish a register of applications decided by the Secretary of State where that Secretary of State has received a donation from the applicant.”
“(4) For the purposes of this section, “wildbelt” has such meaning as the Secretary of State may specify in guidance, but must include— (a) areas of land; (b) bodies of water and adjacent land; (c) wetlands.” This new clause would enable the creation of new wildbelt areas and associated ecosystems, and require guidance to be issued regarding the use of provisions of the bill to protect wildbelt areas.”
“(3) Guidance issued under subsection (1)(b) must— (a) provide assistance to local planning authorities and others on the identification of wildbelt sites; (b) impose responsibilities on strategic planning authorities in relation to the development of spatial development strategies regarding— (i) the use of Local Nature Recovery Strategies to protect and enhance wildbelt; (ii) the reporting of progress towards the development of wildbelt sites; and (iii) the reporting of progress towards the use of wildbelt designation to increase public access to nature.”
“New clause 10— Inclusion of wildbelt in planning considerations — “(1) The Secretary of State must, within six months of the passing of this Act— (a) create a category of protection for wildbelt areas in England for the purpose of permanently protecting such areas from or during development, and (b) issue guidance for local planning authorities and other relevant parties on how wildbelt land is to be protected. (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), “permanently protecting” areas means protecting or restoring the natural environment in a wildbelt area, and in ecosystems functionally connected to a wildbelt area.”
“New clause 9— Environmental infrastructure in new developments— “(1) Within six months of to the passing of this Act, the Secretary of State must make regulations under section 1 of the Building Act 1984 for the purpose of protecting and enhancing biodiversity. (2) Regulations made under this section must— (a) take account of biodiversity targets and interim targets set out in sections 1(2), 1(3)(c), 11 and 14 of the Environment Act 2021; (b) include measures to enable the provision in new developments of— (i) bird boxes; (ii) bat boxes; (iii) swift bricks; (iv) hedgehog highways; and (v) biodiverse roofs and walls.” This new clause would require the Secretary of State to introduce regulations to protect and enhance biodiversity in new developments.”
“(2) The independent body may request information from Natural England relating to Natural England’s administration of the nature restoration levy additional to the information and reports provided to the independent body by Natural England under section 66(5). (3) The independent body may report to the Secretary of State on— (a) any concerns relating to Natural England’s administration of the nature restoration levy, and (b) any other matters relating to Natural England’s administration of the nature restoration levy as the independent body deems appropriate.” This new clause would provide for independent oversight of Natural England’s administration of the nature restoration levy.”
“New clause 7— New car parks to include solar panels— “(1) No local planning authority may approve an application for the building of an above-ground car park which does not make the required provision of solar panels. (2) The required provision of solar panels is an amount equivalent to 50% of the surface area of the car park.” This new clause would require solar panels to be provided with all new car parks. New clause 8— Independent oversight of administration of nature restoration levy— “(1) The Secretary of State must, before Part 3 of this Act comes into force, establish an independent body to monitor the administration of the nature restoration levy by Natural England.”
“New clause 6— Development plans to aim to improve health and well-being— “(1) Any national or local plan or strategy relating to the planning or development of an area must be designed to improve the physical, mental and social health and well-being of the people who are to reside in that area. (2) The Secretary of State must issue guidance to local planning authorities on how local plans and strategies can be designed to achieve the aims outlined in subsection (1).” This new clause would require national or local development plans to be designed in a way that aims to improve the physical, mental and social health and well-being of residents.”
“New clause 5— Local planning authority discretion over affordability of housing— “(1) The Secretary of State must, within six months of the passing of this Act, provide guidance to local planning authorities on how to define or classify new or prospective developments as affordable housing. (2) The guidance must make clear that a local planning authority may, while having regard to national or general guidelines, determine what is to be understood to be affordable housing in its area based on local needs and circumstances.” This new clause would enable local planning authorities to use their discretion to determine whether certain housing is to be “affordable housing”.”
“New clause 4— Sustainable drainage— “The Secretary of State must, within six months of the passing of this Act— (a) bring into force Schedule 3 (Sustainable drainage) of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010, and (b) provide guidance to local planning authorities, land and property developers and other relevant stakeholders on how to incorporate sustainable drainage into new developments.” This new clause would require the Secretary of State to bring into force the sustainable drainage provisions of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 and provide guidance on the building in of sustainable drainage in future developments.”
“(3) In this section— (a) “applicable period” has the meaning given in section 91(5) of this Act; (b) ”Land Compensation Acts” means— (i) the Land Compensation Act 1961; (ii) the Compulsory Purchase Act 1965; (iii) the Acquisition of Land Act 1981; (iv) any other relevant Act which the Secretary of State may specify.”” This new clause would mean that, where permission for a development of 100 homes or more is not used within the applicable period, there is automatically a justifiable case for the compulsory purchase of the land under the Housing Act 1985.”
“New clause 3— Transfer of land to local authority following expiry of planning permission— “After section 91 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, insert— “91A Transfer of land to local authority following expiry of planning permission (1) This section applies— (a) where a development includes the construction of 100 or more homes and has not begun within the applicable period, and (b) where section 91(4) of this Act does not apply. (2) There is a compelling case in the public interest for the compulsory purchase under section 17 of the Housing Act 1985 of land on which any such development was permitted provided that such purchase is— (a) in accordance with the terms of the Land Compensation Acts, and (b) complies with the relevant provisions of the Human Rights Act 1998.”
“New clause 2— Zero carbon standard for new homes— “(1) Within six months of the passing of this Act, the Secretary of State must make regulations under section 1 of the Building Act 1984 to require that new homes must— (a) be built to a net zero carbon building standard, and (b) include provision for solar power generation. (2) Regulations must include a presumption that, as far as is reasonably practicable, new developments will include facilities for the rooftop generation of solar power.” This new clause would require that new homes to be built to a net zero carbon building standard and include provision for the generation of solar power.”
“With this it will be convenient to discuss the following: New clause 1— Steps to be taken when exercising functions under Part 3— “When exercising any function or fulfilling any duty under Part 3 of this Act, the Secretary of State and Natural England must take all reasonable steps to— (a) avoid, prevent and reduce any identified significant adverse effects on the environment, and only permit such adverse effects where they cannot be avoided and where the adverse effects will be compensated for; (b) enhance biodiversity; (c) permit a significant adverse effect on a European site or Ramsar site only where justified by imperative reasons of overriding public importance and where the adverse effect will be compensated for, and (d) prevent the loss of irreplaceable habitats, including ancient woodland and veteran and ancient trees, unless there are wholly exceptional reasons and any loss will be compensated for.” This new clause would ensure that the Secretary of State and Natural England must take all reasonable steps to avoid causing adverse environmental effects.”
“More than 55 Back Benchers hope to contribute, and colleagues know what time this debate has to end. It is unlikely that everybody will get in, so colleagues may want to reconsider and submit to speak tomorrow instead of today. I call the Chair of the Select Committee.”
“After this, we have two Select Committee statements and two Backbench Business debates. If colleagues do not keep their questions short, they are just denying others the opportunity to speak.”
“Order. There are 15 colleagues remaining. If you want me to get you all in, work with me and keep your questions short please. I call Yasmin Qureshi.”
“We now come to the second Select Committee statement on behalf of the Environmental Audit Committee. Mr Toby Perkins will speak for up to 10 minutes, during which no interventions may be taken. At the conclusion of his statement, I will call Members to ask questions on the subject of the statement. These should be brief questions and not full speeches. I emphasise that questions should be directed to the Select Committee Chair and not the relevant Minister. Front Benchers may take part in questioning.”
“The hon. Member has most definitely put her point on the record and those on the Treasury Bench will have been listening. It is not a matter for the Chair, but there are many opportunities that she can take up to put pressure on the Government; the Table Office can advise on that.”
“The Question is, That the right hon. Member have leave to bring in the Bill. As many as are of that opinion, say Aye. [Hon. Members: “Aye!”] And of the contrary, No.”
“Order. I remind Members that vote must follow voice. A Member who opposes a motion by shouting “No” may not then vote in favour of it if there is a Division. I will give it one more go. Question put and agreed to. Ordered, That Jeremy Corbyn, Ayoub Khan, Mr Adnan Hussain, Shockat Adam, Zarah Sultana, Apsana Begum, Brian Leishman, Richard Burgon, Kim Johnson, Ellie Chowns, Ann Davies and Brendan O’Hara present the Bill. Jeremy Corbyn accordingly presented the Bill. Bill read the First time; to be read a Second time Friday 4 July, and to be printed (Bill 254).”
“(6C) Within six months of any regulations made under this section which amend or repeal primary legislation, the Secretary of State must publish a review of the effect of that regulation and lay it before Parliament.” This amendment requires that any regulations made under the Act that amend or replace primary legislation be subject to the affirmative resolution procedure. Amendment 33, page 13, line 24, at end insert— “(6A) Where the regulations are for the purpose of applying to Great Britain regulations already applied to Northern Ireland by the European Union, Northern Ireland must also be involved in the said consultation on an equal basis with the rest of the United Kingdom.””
“Amendment 31, page 13, line 19, at end insert— “(4A) Any regulations made under section 1(1) or (2) which correspond to, are similar to, or make a reference to the requirement of relevant foreign laws under section 2(7), expire at the end of four years from the date on which they come into force.” Amendment 18, page 13, line 24, at end insert— “(6A) Regulations that amend or replace primary legislation must be subject to the affirmative resolution procedure. (6B) Before making any regulations under this section, the Secretary of State must— (a) conduct a consultation for a period of no less than six weeks; (b) publish a statement outlining the purpose and necessity of the proposed regulations, the expected impact on businesses, consumers, and enforcement bodies, and the outcome of the consultation.”
“This amendment would make all regulations under this act subject to affirmative resolution of both Houses of Parliament. Amendment 2, page 13, line 8, leave out subsections (4) and (5) This amendment is consequential on Amendment 1. Amendment 30, page 13, line 8, at end insert— “(za) provision described in section 2(7);” This amendment would ensure that the affirmative parliamentary procedure will apply to regulations under Clause 2(7), that is, any regulations which include referenced to relevant foreign law.”
“Amendment 21, in clause 3, page 4, line 8, leave out subsections (1) and (2). Amendment 22, page 4, line 11, leave out subsection (3). Amendment 23, page 4, line 17, leave out subsection (4). Amendment 24, page 5, line 16, leave out subsections (9) to (11). Amendment 6, in clause 12, page 11, line 37, at end insert— “‘circular economy’ means that products are manufactured to minimise waste and maximise the use, reuse, and recyclability of products;”. This amendment clarifies the meaning of “circular economy” and is consequential on Amendment 5. Amendment 4, page 12, line 21, at end insert— “(e) provision described in section [Product recall].” Amendment 1, in clause 13, page 13, line 4, leave out from “Act” to “may” in line 5.”
“Amendment 17, page 4, line 6, at end insert— “(10) The final meaning or interpretation of any provision of relevant EU law under this Act must be made exclusively by the Secretary of State or by a court or tribunal of the United Kingdom, as appropriate, and may not be delegated or conceded to any other authority within or outside the United Kingdom. (11) The enforcement of any provision of relevant EU law under this Act must be undertaken exclusively by the authorities of the United Kingdom Government and may not be delegated or conceded to any other authority within or outside the United Kingdom.” This amendment would prevent the interpretation or enforcement of any regulations referring to EU law from being undertaken by any authorities other than those based in the UK (for example the European Commission or CJEU).”
“Amendment 13, page 4, line 6, at end insert— “(10) The provision described in subsection (7) may only be made if— (a) a Minister of the Crown has laid before each House of Parliament a statement explaining the necessity of aligning with relevant EU law, and (b) the updated provision had been approved by a resolution of the House of Commons on a motion moved by a Minister of the Crown.” This amendment would require the Secretary of State to make a statement to Parliament when aligning with EU law, and for Parliament to approve that provision before aligning with EU law.”
“(8C) The enforcement of any provision of relevant foreign law under this Act must be undertaken exclusively by the authorities of the United Kingdom Government and must not be delegated or conceded to any other authority within or outside the United Kingdom.” This amendment would prevent the interpretation or enforcement of any regulations referring to foreign law, notably that of the EU, from being undertaken by any authorities other than those based in the UK (for example the European Commission or the CJEU).”
“Amendment 29, page 4, line 5, at end insert— “(8B) The final meaning or interpretation of any provision of relevant foreign law under this Act shall be made exclusively by the Secretary of State or by a court or tribunal of the United Kingdom, as appropriate, and must not be delegated or conceded to any other authority within or outside the United Kingdom.”
“Amendment 15, page 4, line 2, at end insert— “(7A) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (7)(a), a product requirement of relevant EU law must not be treated as met unless regulations are made by the Secretary of State to incorporate them into United Kingdom law.” Amendment 28, page 4, line 5, at end insert— “(8A) Before making provision described in subsection (7), the Secretary of State must make a statement in Parliament if the provision relates to relevant foreign law of only one of the markets listed in the definition of ‘relevant foreign law’ in section 1(7).” This amendment, and Amendments 25, 26 and 27, open up the possibility of defining product regulations by relation to the laws of countries other than the European Union, and require the justification of decisions to limit any such reference to the laws of one territory only.”