Vivian Balakrishnan
Singapore
“The Ministry of Foreign Affairs does not issue advisories on wait times at overseas airports. Travellers may wish to monitor airline and airport websites, as well as news reports for real-time information on wait times and potential disruptions at specific airports.”
“When the conflict in the Middle East deteriorated and commercial flights were halted in March 2026, the Singapore Government mounted four repatriation flights from Muscat, Riyadh and Jeddah to bring stranded Singaporeans home.”
“The Government has stepped up public engagement to explain our foreign policy fundamentals and responses to key international developments to Singaporeans and to hear their views. We do this through dialogue sessions across segments of society, including students, youths, businesses and community leaders.”
“And the larger point during the Committee of Supply was that precisely, because the world is in such a difficult, prickly, volatile and dangerous state, actually, if we keep our wits about ourselves, we maintain unity and we continue to have this clear eye-realistic, but principled, approach, there are many opportunities for Singapore.”
“Well, in short, I completely agree with you. And that is why we have indeed been hosting these events and in your own capacity as a national athlete and also as an official now, you have seen how it works in practice.”
“Since 2022, about half of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) employees are women. The proportion of women in senior appointments has remained stable at about a quarter. We recognise that overseas postings are disruptive for officers with families, especially female officers who bear greater caregiving responsibilities.”
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“We will continue to take a human-centric approach to AI to bring tangible benefits to citizens and businesses – and I am trying to address Mr Singh's point here – whilst putting in place a strong AI governance structure to ensure that these new fangled abilities are used responsibly, the risks are managed appropriately and public trust is maintained. To ensure benefits to citizens and businesses are widespread and sustained, we have also invested heavily in digital infrastructure at the national level. There is a lot of behind-the-scenes work, often unnoticed and under-appreciated. But, like physical infrastructure, these are fundamental to our ongoing digital transformation. Let me give you one example. The National Digital Identity (NDI) – this is one piece of digital infrastructure that most people would probably not have heard of. But you would have heard of SingPass Mobile. We launched it one-and-a-half years ago. Today, it has close to one million users. It has enabled us to make it easy and secure to verify identity and I am sure many Members of this House have used SingPass for a variety of log-ons in order to use Government services. For example, since CPF launched its online nomination service in January, over 9,000 CPF members and their witnesses have used it to complete the entire process online, securely and conveniently. Mind you, in the past, it would require you to go down to the branch with your witnesses and beneficiaries, sign in front of someone. Now, with the NDI system and Government systems online, you can do all these entirely online but securely because of the NDI system. Businesses have also used this NDI system to innovate and to raise the quality of their own digital services which are provided to customers at large.”
“When we launched the portal for the F&B processes, we were able to simplify not only the application process but, more importantly, the back-end re-engineering and that would save time and, ultimately, increase the opportunities for them to get online and to conduct their business instantly. I agree with Mr Lim Swee Say and Mr Teo Ser Luck that artificial intelligence should be one of Singapore’s key strengths. If you think about the transition from having computing power in the 1980s to connectivity in the 1990s, today, the fact that computer systems can now engage in pattern recognition, whether it is facial recognition, speech or hearing, this is transformative. And in the same way that computing and communication were made available to all, we need to make this ability available to everyone – people and businesses. That is why we have to embark on our own National AI Strategy for Singapore and I give you this commitment that we are working with companies and the research community to focus our efforts on deploying AI. I want to emphasise the word here is "deployment" because we will never have the oceans of data that China has, or the depth and unique ecosystem that Silicon Valley has. But I think we have a niche when it comes to deployment, especially in areas where we already have a competitive advantage, for instance, healthcare, education, logistics, Smart City, Urban Solutions and security. We are also putting in place ecosystem enablers to facilitate this AI deployment across the board. This includes making it easier for companies to adopt AI solutions and we have programmes like SMEsGoDigital and AI Singapore’s 100 Experiments programme and these are available to the private sector.”
“As we expand the suite of services we provide through MOL, we will continue to improve the app through constant user testing and citizen engagement. The Smart Nation has to be about solving problems innovatively in both simple and complex issues. We introduced the concept of a digital medical certificate (MC) in 2018. If you think about it, it should be easier to submit and to keep records for digital MCs. It saves paper and time. We first tested this at the National Heart Centre. The GovTech team worked with the healthcare practitioners in the Heart Centre to improve the pilot solution, before rolling it out to more places. Today, we have issued over 400,000 digital MCs for all patients who visit SingHealth hospitals or polyclinics. We will be expanding this to other hospitals and clinics, in particular, into the private sector, starting with Raffles Medical and Mount Alvernia Hospital. I agree with Mr Teo Ser Luck and Mr Ong Teng Koon that building a Smart Nation should also help businesses to succeed in this digital era. Over the past few years, we made it easier for businesses to transact digitally with the Government through the various initiatives like the IPOS Go app and Business Grants Portal. We are extending our support for businesses to help them through their different phases – from starting up a business, to seizing opportunities to grow, to running it more efficiently on a day-to-day basis. To give you an example, we launched the GoBusiness Licensing portal in October 2019, using the customer journey approach, to help F&B businesses start. Some of you may know that, in fact, applying for the right licence to start a business – and, in particular, the F&B business – can be an extremely onerous process – 14 different licences and 800-over fields to fill.”
“Sorry, if you do not mind. Minister Ong could answer your points. Mr Chair, we are four minutes behind. So, I am going to rush. When COVID broke upon us, you may have noticed that apps like MaskGoWhere or even the gov.sg Whatsapp channel were up and running almost overnight, literally within days. I think you all know that this is only possible because, over the last couple of years, we have assiduously built up the talent and the capability. And this is one clear and present example where it has enabled us to do things quickly, in an agile way and in a way that matters for real life. I want to assure Mr Cedric Foo that we are exquisitely conscious that Smart Nation has to benefit citizens in tangible ways. We have reorganised our services around the needs of citizens, we have made it easier and faster for citizens to access all Government services. A prime example I would cite is Moments of Life (MOL) app. When this app first started, we were aiming to enable parents to quickly register their child’s birth and apply for the Baby Bonus that Minister Josephine Teo was providing and to reduce the time that parents needed to apply for this. By having this app, we estimated we are able to reduce the total waiting time and all that from 60 minutes to 15 minutes. Last year, I shared that 2,000 births had been registered through this app. A year on, this number has increased tenfold, now almost 20,000. I think Minister Teo will appreciate that it is much easier to improve productivity in apps than it is the Total Fertility Rate. Nevertheless, we are trying to facilitate matters. In September 2019, MOL was expanded to serve the needs of our seniors as well and MOH will elaborate on this in its COS.”
“Both sides have also planned activities that will highlight our close cultural ties, such as an exhibition of the Asian Civilisations Museum (ACM's) Tang Shipwreck Collection at the Shanghai Museum, which will showcase the long-standing links between Singapore and China, as well as the region along the maritime silk routes. ACM will also present an exhibition in Singapore titled "Yongle.Wanli – Emperors of the Ming", with the spotlight on China's Ming Dynasty and featuring artifacts loaned from the Palace Museum in Beijing. Such exchanges will further promote mutual understanding and enhance people-to-people ties, and we look forward to many years of close cooperation between Singapore and China.”
“I have just returned from attending a Special Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-China Foreign Ministers' Meeting on COVID-19 in Vientiane, Laos, where I also had a bilateral meeting with Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi. He thanked me for Singapore's encouragement and support during this challenging period for China. We reaffirmed the strong, multifaceted and mutually beneficial partnership between Singapore and China and discussed new areas of cooperation, including in enhancing public health. As part of our commemoration of 30 years of diplomatic ties between Singapore and China, we have planned a number of high-level exchanges this year. President Halimah Yacob has accepted President Xi Jinping's invitation to make a State Visit to China, while Singapore will host the 16th Joint Council for Bilateral Cooperation, our apex institutionalised platform, co-chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat and Chinese Vice Premier Han Zheng, to advance bilateral cooperation. The 30th anniversary also coincides with the anniversaries of some of our key projects in China. This includes the 5th anniversary of the Chongqing Connectivity Initiative – our third Government-to-Government project – as well as the 10th anniversary of the China-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City, a state-level bilateral cooperation project. We will expand cooperation in existing and new areas, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and smart city development.”
“Singapore established formal diplomatic relations with China on 3 October 1990. We have a close, vital and multifaceted relationship with China involving our leaders, our corporate sector and at the people-to-people level in many fields, including education, science and culture. Consequently, we have many frequent high-level exchanges, institutionalised platforms and substantive cooperation all across China. The Government-to-Government projects at the 1994 China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park; the 2008 Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City; and the 2015 Chongqing Connectivity Initiative are icons of success that reflect Singapore's complementary roles at various phases of China's spectacular development. We share deep economic relations. China has been Singapore's largest trading partner and Singapore has been China's largest foreign investor since 2013. Singapore and China are commemorating the 30th anniversary of Singapore-China diplomatic relations this year in the face of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. China has borne the brunt of the impact of the epidemic. The Singapore Government, our business community, as well as our people have come together to offer support to a friend in need by donating funds, some critically needed test kits and medical supplies to support communities in China which have been severely affected by COVID-19. As of 25 February 2020, the Singapore Red Cross has raised more than S$6 million. This is a reflection of concern for our Chinese friends and our solidarity with China and the international community to fight the virus, understand the disease, and prevent its further spread. We are confident that through close cooperation, Singapore, China and the international community will ultimately overcome this challenge.”
“The safety of Singaporeans who are travelling overseas is always the paramount concern of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). We constantly remind Singaporeans who are visiting, working or living overseas that they have to abide by the local laws. If a Singaporean is arrested or detained, we ensure that our citizens are accorded due process under those local laws. Hence, the extent and the nature of our consular assistance are determined by the unique circumstances of each case and, of course, by the bilateral and international obligations of the host country. Above all else, the entire process has to be in accordance with the local laws and regulations. Once MFA is notified that a Singaporean has been arrested or detained overseas, we will quickly get in touch with the next-of-kin. We will also contact the local authorities to ascertain the basic facts of the case. We will request for consular access to the Singaporean and we will facilitate visits by the next-of-kin. But, again, and I need to emphasise this, all this is subject to the approval of the local authorities. MFA will also continue to seek updates from the local authorities on the progress of the case and we will remain in contact with his next-of-kin and family members in order to provide consular assistance.”
“As a small state, Singapore is a strong proponent of international law, of which the ICJ is an important pillar. We urge all parties to respect the ICJ's decision on provisional measures. We continue to encourage and welcome all efforts to seek transparency and accountability in respect of the situation in Rakhine State. These are important steps to a long-term, sustainable solution that takes into account the concerns and interests of all the different ethnic communities in Rakhine State. ASEAN hopes to see peace and stability return to Rakhine State, and that repatriation can begin soon. However, it is ultimately the responsibility of the Myanmar Government and relevant stakeholders to work towards a viable and durable political solution that addresses the underlying causes of this long-standing and complex problem. This is the only way to attain a sustainable solution.”
“We look forward to studying these proposals and further discussing how ASEAN can play an enhanced role in supporting Myanmar through providing humanitarian assistance, facilitating the repatriation process, and promoting sustainable development in Rakhine State. ASEAN's involvement can help to enhance confidence and trust, and we should explore ways to create a conducive environment for sustainable repatriation and resettlement of displaced persons. We also look forward to the conduct of subsequent needs assessments once repatriation takes place. ASEAN is committed to sustaining efforts to address this problem. Unfortunately, the security situation in Rakhine State remains a grave concern, due to the ongoing armed conflict between the Arakan Army, a Rakhine nationalist armed group, and the Myanmar armed forces (Tatmadaw), including in the territory previously occupied by many of the refugees. This is an internal issue for Myanmar. On its part, ASEAN has urged all Parties to avoid further violence so that humanitarian assistance can reach all those who are in need. ASEAN will also continue to support the efforts to create conducive ground conditions for repatriation to begin. We note that the Independent Commission of Enquiry established by the Myanmar Government submitted its Final Report on 20 January 2020. The Myanmar authorities said they would investigate the crimes alleged in the report and to prosecute where the evidence indicates so. Separately, on 23 January 2020, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordered provisional measures in the case brought against Myanmar by Gambia under the Application on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide.”
“At the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Nha Trang from 15 to 17 January, the ASEAN Foreign Ministers discussed the situation in Rakhine State, and how ASEAN could further support efforts to encourage the safe and voluntary repatriation of refugees and improve the conditions in Rakhine. The situation in Rakhine State is a complex inter-communal issue with deep historical roots and remains a common concern to all ASEAN member states. ASEAN has actively engaged the Myanmar government on the situation, and has extended humanitarian support to the affected communities, through the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management Centre. At the recent Foreign Ministers' Retreat, the ASEAN Secretariat provided an update on the establishment of the Ad Hoc Support Team of the ASEAN Secretariat, in accordance with the decision of the ASEAN Leaders at the 35th ASEAN Summit in Bangkok in November last year. The Ad Hoc Support Team would focus on implementing the recommendations of the preliminary needs assessment that was conducted in March 2019. As a first step, the Ad Hoc Support Team will focus on seven priority activities which will help provide equipment for the reception and transit centres in Rakhine State, build infrastructure in the area, and strengthen communication between officials and displaced persons to facilitate repatriation. The ASEAN Foreign Ministers also recognise that more can be done to address the situation. At the Retreat, we also tasked the Ad Hoc Support Team to identify further concrete projects through which ASEAN could support the improvement of the ground conditions in Rakhine State.”
“As a small state, Singapore is a strong proponent of international law, of which the ICJ is an important pillar. We urge all parties to respect the ICJ's decision on provisional measures. We continue to encourage and welcome all efforts to seek transparency and accountability in respect of the situation in Rakhine State. These are important steps to a long-term, sustainable solution that takes into account the concerns and interests of all the different ethnic communities in Rakhine State. ASEAN hopes to see peace and stability return to Rakhine State. ASEAN will continue to support the efforts to create conducive conditions for repatriation to begin. But it is ultimately the responsibility of the Myanmar Government and relevant stakeholders to work towards a viable and durable political solution that addresses the underlying causes of this long-standing and complex problem. This is the only way to resolve this problem definitively.”
“We have also encouraged Myanmar to continue implementing the remaining recommendations of the final report of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State. Both Myanmar and Bangladesh have reaffirmed their commitment to repatriate the refugees. ASEAN continues to encourage continued and effective dialogue between the two parties. Myanmar officials, supported by the ASEAN Secretariat and the AHA Centre, made two trips to Cox's Bazar in 2019 to follow up on the recommendations of the preliminary needs assessment report and to speak to Bangladeshi officials. Myanmar and Bangladesh should continue to work with the relevant stakeholders, including the United Nations' agencies to ensure the repatriation of refugees is conducted in a voluntary, safe, secure and dignified way. The security situation in Rakhine State remains a grave concern, due to the ongoing armed conflict between the Arakan Army, a Rakhine nationalist armed group, and the Myanmar armed forces (Tatmadaw), including in the territory previously occupied by many of the refugees. This is an internal issue for Myanmar. On its part, ASEAN has urged all Parties to avoid further violence so that humanitarian assistance can reach all those who are in need. We noted that the Independent Commission of Enquiry (ICOE) established by the Myanmar Government submitted its Final Report on 20 January 2020. The Myanmar authorities said it will investigate the crimes alleged in the report and to prosecute where the evidence indicates so. Separately, on 23 January 2020, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordered provisional measures in the case brought against Myanmar by Gambia under the Application on the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide.”
“The situation in Rakhine State is a complex inter-communal issue with deep historical roots. It remains a common concern to all Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states. ASEAN has actively engaged the Myanmar Government on the situation, and has extended humanitarian support to the affected communities, through the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre) on disaster management. At the 35th ASEAN Summit in Bangkok in November last year, ASEAN Leaders agreed to establish an Ad Hoc Support Team of the ASEAN Secretariat to focus on implementing the recommendations of the preliminary needs assessment. You may recall that ASEAN despatched an Emergency Response and Assessment Team (ERAT) to Rakhine State in March 2019 to conduct this preliminary needs assessment. Following the ERAT's visit in March 2019, it tabled a report identifying possible areas where ASEAN could lend its assistance to the Myanmar Government to aid in the repatriation process. Recommendations from the preliminary needs assessment were further distilled into priority activities, which the ASEAN Leaders welcomed at the 35th ASEAN Summit. The activities cover areas, such as providing equipment for the reception and transit centres in Rakhine State, building infrastructure, and strengthening communication between officials and displaced persons to facilitate repatriation. More recently, at the ASEAN Foreign Ministers' (FMs') Retreat in January this year, the ASEAN FMs tasked the Support Team to identify further concrete projects through which ASEAN could help to improve the ground conditions in Rakhine State. ASEAN is committed to sustaining efforts to address this problem.”
“But, specifically, now for the remaining Singaporeans because we will remain in touch with them, we will do our best to ensure that they have all the necessary treatment in Wuhan or in other places in China. If additional support is needed, obviously, we will look at that. And that also brings to mind what Minister Gan Kim Yong said just now that this problem is not just a Chinese problem, it is not just China's problem. This is a common threat confronting all of us. This virus does not respect passports or nationalities, race or language. That is why we must all cooperate and collaborate to resolve this problem together. I commit that we will continue to work closely with the Chinese authorities and in any way in which we can help them, it is also helping all of us collectively. The Member has cited an example of volunteers. This is the time when you will see the best, and sometimes, you will see the worst in humanity. But I am confident that because of what we have been through 17 years ago – I recall that personally – I am confident Singaporeans will demonstrate the best of humanity and we will get through this and we will get through this together. So, rest assured, all the Singaporeans who are overseas – MFA – we will not leave anyone behind, we will look out for you.”
“First of all, let me say that China has been very responsible and very responsive, and is taking all necessary measures to look after our Singaporeans who are still there. I have spoken personally to the Chinese Foreign Minister and I can assure Members, based on our conversation. My next point is that I want to make an appeal to all Singaporeans who are in China to e-register with MFA. This enables us to stay in close touch with them to monitor their condition, to give them appropriate advice, recommendations and, obviously, if there is a possibility or a need to mount further operations, this ability to communicate quickly and effectively is absolutely necessary. The third point I want to make is with respect to the Member's specific query about whether those with fever should have been on board the aircraft. I think, first of all, if we look – the Member is a doctor – and we all know from a medical point of view, in the context of an epidemic and, particularly, when you are dealing with a global or a potentially global epidemic, it is most unwise to put people on a commercial aircraft when they are potentially actively shedding virus. So, there was good medical rationale and that is why the Chinese authorities make, in my opinion, the right decision that these persons should not fly. If they did, it would have been contravening not only their own regulations but also WHO recommendations. So, we understand that. I was monitoring the operation and I knew exactly how many were caught in that situation, quite apart from the others who could not evacuate for family reasons because, at that point in time, the decision was that their own citizens were locked down and Singaporeans, PRs and others were considered local citizens. So, there are other considerations.”
“I need to remind Singaporeans participating in outdoor leisure activities overseas to e-register with MFA and be mindful that certain sporting activities, especially in open seas, may carry risks. Appropriate safety and contingency plans should be prepared. When in doubt, Singaporeans should consult the relevant professional bodies or sporting associations for specific advice.”
“The Maritime and Port Authority (MPA), which coordinates Singapore's maritime SAR operations, reached out to its Malaysian counterpart to offer Singapore's assistance. MPA also alerted its Indonesian and Thai counterparts to look out and report any sightings and initiated a Maritime Safety Information broadcast to the shipping community to be on the lookout. While our offer of assistance was not taken up, Malaysia conducted an intensive SAR operation lasting 10 days. This is beyond the usual period of their SAR operations. Malaysia deployed five aircraft, 11 naval vessels and patrol boats and 155 ground personnel in very challenging conditions. They covered a vast area of waters off the Malaysian states of Johor, Pahang and Terengganu. We are especially grateful to the Malaysian government and all Malaysian agencies and personnel who were involved in the SAR operations. We were also heartened by the support and assistance of ordinary Malaysians from all walks of life, especially the fishermen in the area, who played a critical role in the recovery efforts. I called Malaysian Home Affairs Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin shortly after the end of the SAR operations to personally express Singapore's deep appreciation. He also assured me that Malaysia will follow up if there is any significant new information on the search for Mr Tan. Malaysia's efforts in finding the two Singaporeans are a reflection of how, as close neighbours, we have always come to the assistance of each other in such unfortunate incidents. We will continue to work closely with our foreign counterparts to maintain these strong ties at all levels.”
“I would begin by expressing our deepest sympathies to the families of the two Singaporeans, Mdm Phua Geok Tin and Mr Tan Eng Soon, who were the victims of a tragic incident while kayaking in the sea near Mersing, Malaysia, on 8 August 2019. The group leader informed the Malaysian authorities that Mdm Phua and Mr Tan were missing on the morning of 9 August 2019. When the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) was informed later that afternoon, we immediately contacted the relevant Malaysian authorities to also seek their urgent assistance for the search and rescue (SAR) operations as the incident took place in Malaysia's territorial waters. We also immediately alerted members of both families of the incident and offered our assistance. An intensive SAR operation was coordinated by the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency over the next 10 days. MFA officers were deployed on the ground to coordinate with the Malaysian authorities and to provide consular support to the families, at the search site. Their kayak was found on 13 August, and the body of Mdm Phua was subsequently found on 14 August. Unfortunately, the search for Mr Tan has been inconclusive. While the SAR operations have ended, the Malaysian authorities have asked vessels and fishermen to continue to look out for Mr Tan. We also remain in contact with the families in case they require further assistance in the wake of this tragic incident. There are long-standing existing arrangements for Singapore to assist the Malaysian authorities, and vice versa, in such SAR operations, subject to the permission of the country responsible for the maritime search and rescue region.”
“So far, we are not aware of any Singaporeans who have been directly affected or injured. Of about 3,000 Singaporeans who have e-registered, it is usually about one-fifth of those who are there. We do not keep track of their activities. The purpose of e-registration is simply to enable us to be able to reach out to them if we need to provide updated information or for them to seek assistance from MFA.”
“Mr Speaker, the protests in Hong Kong commenced in early June 2019. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) has advised Singaporeans to avoid areas where protests are expected to take place. Singaporeans must be mindful that protests which are meant to be peaceful may turn violent with little or no notice. Singaporeans who are residing in or visiting Hong Kong should take the necessary precautions, stay vigilant, observe local laws and monitor developments through the local media and regular updates from the Singapore Consulate-General in Hong Kong. We estimate that there are over 15,000 Singaporeans residing in Hong Kong. We keep in close touch with the Singaporean community there through the Singapore Consulate-General. Singaporeans in Hong Kong who require consular assistance should get in touch with us. We continue to urge Singaporeans to e-register with us whenever they travel. Singaporeans should have comprehensive travel insurance.”
“The ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific was born out of the desire to formulate a coherent and cohesive response to these formulations. The ASEAN Foreign Ministers had a candid discussion on the draft of the Outlook at our Working Dinner on 21 June 2019 in the lead up to the ASEAN Summit. The Outlook was adopted by the Leaders at the recent Summit. It will be a "living document", continually refined and updated to advance the existing inclusive ASEAN-centric regional architecture as the strategic context evolves. It is underpinned by three principles: ASEAN Centrality and unity, economic development in the region, including through increasing connectivity, and upholding a rules-based order anchored on international law. All three principles are vital for Singapore’s own survival and prosperity as a small city-state. The Outlook will not stop strategic forces from pulling individual ASEAN member states in different directions. ASEAN unity, the prerequisite for ASEAN Centrality, will be tested. Our inherent diversity will make internal coherence difficult but ultimately more necessary, too.”
“Southeast Asia is no stranger to big power dynamics and proxy wars. We experienced them during the Cold War. However, today, the strategic environment is more complex. The international system is much more interdependent. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states have deep connections to all the major powers. We will need clear-eyed realism and acute situational awareness to navigate in the rapidly changing geopolitical landscape. As a group, ASEAN must maintain its strategic autonomy and not allow Southeast Asia again to become an arena of great power rivalry. If ASEAN takes sides, or is forced to take sides, we will lose our independence of action and end up making invidious choices which will be inimical to our interests in the long run. It is thus important for ASEAN to maintain our relevance and to uphold ASEAN Centrality in the regional architecture. Not just geographically, but also effectively in the role that ASEAN plays in maintaining a stable region and engaging the major powers, so that they can participate in and contribute to the region’s security and prosperity. The current inclusive regional architecture seeks to achieve this. We have continuously refreshed and enhanced the alphabet soup of overlapping ASEAN-centric forums, such as the ASEAN Plus Three, East Asia Summit, ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus, and ASEAN Regional Forum. We should continue to look for ways to strengthen the current ASEAN-led regional architecture. ASEAN’s external partners have put forth various formulations to articulate their respective visions of what they now call the Indo-Pacific region. ASEAN should not merely adopt one or the other of these proposals in order to win favour with its author.”
“So long as a permanent political solution remains elusive, the future of these children remains bleak. That is why ASEAN has consistently stressed the need to find a comprehensive and durable solution to address the root causes of the conflict and to create a conducive environment so that the affected communities can rebuild their lives. It is ultimately the responsibility of Myanmar to work towards a viable political solution that addresses the underlying causes of this long-standing and complex problem. This is the only way to resolve this problem once and for all.”
“During the recent Summit last month, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Leaders and Foreign Ministers received an update on the findings of the Preliminary Needs Assessment that was conducted in Rakhine State from 4 to 13 March 2019. The assessment focused on the readiness of the reception and transit centres, as well as potential relocation sites identified by the Myanmar government. ASEAN's potential assistance to the Myanmar government’s repatriation efforts include enhancing the capacity of the reception and transit centres, increasing awareness of the repatriation process, and supporting the provision of basic services in Rakhine State. ASEAN remains committed to assisting Myanmar in addressing this challenge. The safety and security of returnees and, indeed, of all communities in Rakhine State, are of paramount importance. Repatriation should take place in a safe, voluntary, sustained and dignified manner. ASEAN will continue to support efforts by all stakeholders to create conducive ground conditions for repatriation to begin. The security situation in Rakhine State remains a concern. It has further deteriorated following the clashes since December 2018 between the Myanmar military (Tatmadaw) and the Arakan Army. ASEAN has urged all Parties to avoid further outbreak of violence so that humanitarian assistance could reach those who are in need. The issue the Member raised on the education and well-being of the affected children in Cox's Bazar is an important one. Various stakeholders – the Bangladeshi government, the United Nations and other international donors, and some ASEAN member states – have extended assistance to the displaced persons in Cox's Bazar. However, these are only temporary measures.”
“Actually, Singapore and Malaysia have been working on this for a very long time. A clear example of this is the construction of the dam over the Linggiu River, which has led to the development of the Linggiu Reservoir, which has been operating since the 1990s, and has been a significant buffer that has helped to ensure good yield from the Johor River. I would have to remind everyone, including the Malaysians, that Singapore paid for it. We paid for its construction, we paid compensation. In fact, our estimate is that, over the years, we have probably spent over $1 billion on such projects. So, there should be no question about our willingness to engage and assist on a technical level in order to further projects which ultimately have win-win consequences for both Johor and Singapore in the long term. I should also add that these investments that we have made in Linggiu Reservoir, ultimately, they are owned by Malaysia. And just as in 2011 when we returned all the waterworks in full working order to Johor – these were the waterworks in Tebrau, Skudai and Gunung Pulai, which were pursuant to the 1961 Water Agreement – we intend to do the same thing pursuant to the current 1962 Water Agreement, which expires in 2061. I say all this so that I hope the Malaysian people appreciate that Singapore has been a constructive, helpful, reliable and honest partner. And actually the more important fundamental point – if you cut across all the political polemic which you often hear – the fact is that the Water Agreements – the 1961 Agreement which has expired and the 1962 Agreement which is still in effect – actually have brought enormous benefit to the people of both Malaysia and Singapore.”
“But I do not want to belabour this point because, to be fair, the authorities in Johor are aware of this, and within their own limits, they are trying to address it. I do want to add one more point that, actually, PUB has an excellent relationship with the water agencies in Johor. We have worked very well. There is no problem at the technical level.”
“This is a very important point. Quite apart from Johor's own growing needs, and we expect that as we do more together with Johor, and as our bilateral projects take off and the economy improves, Johor will need more water. But actually, and here I would be very frank, the biggest threat to Johor's own water supply is actually the lack of environmental protection. The seven episodes of pollution since 2017, which resulted in the water treatment plants having to be shut down, are a clear and present amber warning light. Singaporeans may not have noticed because whenever our plant shuts down, fortunately, because of very careful and astute management by PUB, Singaporeans' water supply is apparently not affected. But every time our plant in Johor shuts down, there is disruption and water rationing in Johor. So, this should focus their minds on protecting the environmental standards and the quality of the water in the rivers. And again, as a former Minister in charge of water, I need to remind Members if you walk outside Parliament, you will realise that every drain, every longkang in the city, flows into Marina Bay. And we drink the water from Marina Bay, after appropriate treatment. The challenge in maintaining that quality of assured water supply is not just a technical challenge. It means having strict laws against littering, against pollution, strict and careful long-term planning on zoning, on what type of economic activities are allowed in the water catchment area. And in fact, this has been a key critical ingredient for Singapore's success in water management. The fact is, actually, the same approach is needed in Johor.”
“Relationships at multiple levels are important. And I think at the people-to-people level, given our history and the fact that most of us have relatives on both sides of the Causeway, I believe Singaporeans and Malaysians want good relations between our two states. Having said that, I think it is just as important for the Civil Service, the officials, the Members of Parliament from all parties, and Ministers and obviously the Prime Ministers, to also continue to engage one another, look for areas where we can cooperate constructively, understand each other's concerns and anxieties and then try to make progress. So, I want to encourage more interaction between the civil servants and Parliamentarians. And I would encourage all of you to do so when the opportunities arise.”
“Prime Minister Lee also shared Singapore’s plans to upgrade the Woodlands Checkpoint to meet growing traffic needs, and to ensure that immigration clearance remains secure. Singapore believes that the RTS Link and the HSR Projects are mutually beneficial projects that will significantly ease congestion, facilitate business and tourism, and bring the people of Malaysia and Singapore closer together. Malaysia wants to review these projects, and we have agreed for this review to be done in the spirit of bilateral cooperation. The ball is now in their court, and we hope that Malaysia will find a way forward in the projects within the period of suspension that they have requested. Mr Speaker, in conclusion, Singapore and Malaysia will always be close neighbours and issues will inevitably crop up from time to time. What is important is that we continue to keep the channels of communication open; we discuss these issues in a calm and constructive way, on the basis of equality and mutual respect; we honour our international agreements fully, and we find amicable win-win solutions in accordance with international law. I believe both sides have demonstrated, at the Leaders’ Retreat, a commitment to manage some of the recent bilateral issues to ensure that we protect our broader, multifaceted relationship. We are now on a more stable footing. But there is still much work to be done, and there are also new areas of cooperation which we hope to explore together. Singapore is ready and willing to cooperate with Malaysia in the spirit of goodwill and neighbourliness.”
“Thus, any review of the existing airspace arrangements should take into account both countries’ needs and interests, as well as the interests of other stakeholders, including the airlines and ICAO. Any proposal to change the current arrangements must also be in accordance with ICAO standards, processes and procedures, and the 1973 decision I mentioned earlier. Our utmost priority must be to achieve the highest standards of safety and efficiency in civil aviation operations, given that the airspace arrangements in our region are very complex and will only get more complex in the future as air traffic continues to grow. Discussions on the review of the 1974 Operational Letter of Agreement will involve consultations with many regional and global stakeholders. These will take time. It cannot be rushed. Singapore will discuss these matters with Malaysia in good faith and in the spirit of bilateral cooperation. On land connectivity, Singapore will consider Malaysia’s proposal to suspend the Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) Link Project for six months from 1 April 2019 and we will do so in a manner that is similar to the arrangements that we made for the suspension of the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail (HSR) Project. Both sides are currently working out the details of the Supplemental Agreement to effect this proposed suspension. As for the HSR Project, both sides had earlier agreed to suspend the Project up to 31 May 2020. Both Prime Ministers also discussed the issue of congestion at the Causeway and Second Link. Both Prime Ministers agreed to explore initiatives, including the use of new technology, for enhanced security and checkpoint efficiency.”
“Both sides have noted Singapore and Malaysia’s mutual interest in identifying appropriate and timely measures, including additional schemes, to increase the yield of the Johor River, and to safeguard its environmental conditions, and to safeguard, in particular, the quality of the water. Officials from both countries will follow up on this. The two Foreign Ministers have also been tasked to follow up on the water issues that were raised at the Retreat. Let me move now to airspace. On 6 April 2019, both sides agreed for Malaysia to indefinitely suspend its Restricted Area over Pasir Gudang, and for Singapore to withdraw the Instrument Landing System (ILS) procedures for Seletar Airport. The ILS procedures will be replaced with GPS-based instrument approach procedures. The technical agencies from both countries are currently engaged in discussions with a view to implementing the GPS-based instrument approach procedures soon for both the northern and southern approaches. At the Retreat, Malaysia reiterated its intention to review the existing arrangements for air traffic services provision over southern Peninsular Malaysia pursuant to the 1974 Operational Letter of Agreement that was signed by Malaysia and Singapore. It is very important to note that this 1974 Operational Letter of Agreement, in fact, operationalises the decisions that were reached at the 1973 Asia-Pacific Regional Air Navigation Meeting held under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). This decision sets out the recommendations that were agreed to by both Singapore and Malaysia, as well as other regional states, and was subsequently approved by the ICAO Council.”
“Whilst Malaysia is apparently most concerned about the price of raw water, this issue cannot be viewed in isolation. First, if there is any revision in the price of raw water, it is obvious that the price of treated water that Singapore sells to Johor will also have to be revised. This is obvious. Second, at the Retreat, Prime Minister Lee highlighted Singapore’s grave concerns about the multiple pollution incidents which have affected the Johor River and the long-term yield of the Johor River. Members of the House would be aware, and I think Minister Masagos Zulkifli reminded us of this over the last two days, of the recent case of ammonia pollution in the Johor River on 4 April 2019. This is the seventh pollution incident in the Johor River since 2017 which led to a shutdown of our Waterworks. Further, Johor has built at least two water treatment plants upstream of the Public Utilities Board's (PUB’s) Johor River Waterworks, and we also note that the future demands for water in Johor will increase. These two Malaysian plants, combined with our Johor River Waterworks, are currently drawing more water from the Johor River than it can yield on a sustainable basis. These issues, if not addressed, will compromise Singapore’s right to extract our full 250 million gallons per day (mgd) entitlement of water under the 1962 Water Agreement. They will also affect the water supply for Johor’s own growing needs, and action needs to be taken expeditiously to avoid a potentially more intractable issue in the future. This is a problem which is clear and present and we can see it looming.”
“Mr Speaker, Malaysia hosted the 9th Leaders’ Retreat on 9 April 2019. Prime Minister Lee and Prime Minister Mahathir had very candid discussions and they both reaffirmed our mutual commitment to maintaining a positive and constructive bilateral relationship. I will now provide an update on four key areas: the maritime boundaries, air, water, and land connectivity issues. So, let us start with maritime boundaries. The Malaysian Foreign Minister Mr Saifuddin Abdullah and I agreed on a set of measures to de-escalate tensions on 14 March 2019. Malaysia and Singapore have, therefore, mutually suspended the implementation of the overlapping port limits, and we have applied the port limits that were in effect prior to 25 October 2018 and 6 December 2018 respectively. The Malaysian Government vessels are no longer anchored in the area. The next step is for both countries to start negotiations on the maritime boundary, and we will do so through the committee that is co-chaired by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Secretary General of the Malaysian Foreign Affairs Ministry. This Committee will be meeting soon. On water, our position has remained clear, consistent and unchanged. At the Retreat, we reiterated that Malaysia has lost the right to review the price of water under the 1962 Water Agreement. Neither country can unilaterally change the terms of this Agreement. The 1962 Water Agreement is enshrined in the 1965 Separation Agreement. It is, therefore, a fundamental founding document for Singapore. Our Attorneys-General are having further discussions on the differing legal positions of both sides on the right to review the price of water under the 1962 Water Agreement.”
“Mr Speaker, may I seek your consent and the general assent of Members present to move, "That the proceedings on the item under discussion be exempted from the provisions of Standing Order No 48(8) to remove the time limit in respect of the Senior Minister of State Edwin Tong's speech"?”
“We have no specific information on any human trafficking syndicates operating within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that are targeting displaced people from Rakhine State. However, we are aware of reports by the international media and United Nations (UN) agencies on cases of trafficking of the refugees in the settlements at Cox's Bazar, including those trying to make their way from Bangladesh to third countries. Bangladesh and the UN have made conscientious efforts to host the refugees. But this is not a sustainable situation. The problems faced by these refugees will continue to fester, including the risk of human trafficking. The situation in northern Rakhine State is further complicated due to the ongoing armed conflict involving the Arakan Army. ASEAN will continue to support the efforts to create conducive ground conditions for repatriation to begin. The ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management has sent a needs assessment team to Rakhine State. It is, ultimately, the responsibility of the Myanmar government and the respective stakeholders to formulate a viable and durable political solution that addresses this long-standing and complex problem.”
“There are two Malaysian government vessels which I believe are still anchored there at this point in time. So, the terms of the agreement have not been implemented yet.”
“Mr Speaker, on 14 March 2019, Malaysia and Singapore agreed to revert the port limits to the status quo prior to 25 October 2018 and 6 December 2018 respectively. The Malaysian government vessels which have been illegally anchored in our waters since early December 2018 would have to move out. In keeping with past practice, no commercial activities or anchoring of ships would be allowed in this area. Our ships will continue to patrol and take appropriate enforcement actions within our territorial waters. If all these recommendations are implemented by 14 April 2019, then negotiations for maritime boundary delimitation in the area will start within one month thereafter. I need to stress that these measures shall be taken without prejudice to the respective maritime boundary claims of both sides. We hope that the recommendations will be implemented as soon as possible within the agreed timeframe. This will allow the ground situation to be de-escalated, and then both sides can embark on maritime boundary delimitation negotiations. This is a process that will take time, but both sides are committed to negotiate in good faith, and in the event that we are unable to arrive at an amicable solution on delimitation, we may mutually agree to resort to an appropriate international third-party dispute settlement procedure on terms to be mutually agreed by the parties. Overall, the agreement is a positive and concrete step forward for both countries and is reflective of Singapore’s commitment to resolve our issues with Malaysia in a calm and rational and amicable manner, in accordance with international law, and to nurture this very important bilateral relationship whilst safeguarding our national interests.”
“That is why I have explained that CAAS is pioneering this technique and is doing so in an inclusive and open way. So, both Indonesia and Malaysia are participating with CAAS. The speed with which this can be implemented will have to vary according to the comfort level, as well as to how familiar and how constructive and positive the relationship is. I would also draw reference to an earlier concept of a Seamless ASEAN sky. Again, the concept is that it is possible for win-win outcomes to be formulated using technology so long as we get the diplomacy and the foreign relations right. That is why we are focused on very intense, very delicate discussions and negotiations with our counterparts. And I hope Members also understand that not all of this can be made public. A lot of these discussions are best conducted quietly, behind closed doors. Give CAAS and the authorities some more time. 4.30 pm The bottom line is this. Changi Airport, air services and, in fact, the logistics, the air logistics, are a very significant sector for us economically. We must do our best to protect it, to nurture it and to promote it. But the point I also want to make to our neighbours is that this is an area where we can engage in win-win collaboration and not zero-sum games.”
“I thank Mr Dennis Tan for that question. As I explained just now, I want to clearly differentiate between sovereignty and airspace, and the responsibility for the provision of air traffic services. So, let us be very clear that we are not arguing about sovereignty. As I also explained earlier, there is a long history as to why and how Singapore provides these air traffic services. I have also emphasised that the main objective, regardless of who is performing, is the safety and efficiency of civil aviation. So, we are a long way from the hypothetical scenario which the Member has posited. But I would say this, that Changi Airport is one of the world's busiest airports, and certainly in our immediate region, this is the focal point on which so many flights traversed. As I explained earlier on again, there are 740,000 flights which are receiving air traffic services from Singapore as half of those flights land or take off from Changi Airport. So, our objectives in all our ongoing discussions with our neighbours are to make sure that safety and efficiency are not compromised. The other salient factor is this: technology is also improving and it will help improve the throughput as well as maintain safety and efficiency. Again, I refer to my earlier speech when I talked about Distributed Multi-Nodal Air Traffic Flow management. I apologise; it has only been one week since I have been doing this. The concept behind multi-nodal air traffic flow management is that by interconnecting the air traffic control systems of all the airports in the region, it enables all the airports, first, to continue to act autonomously, but to optimise the total flow and the throughput flying in and leaving from those airports.”
“We will continue to invest in enhancing these capabilities and to discharge our responsibilities to the highest standards to achieve safety and efficiency and it will benefit the region and, indeed, the entire international aviation community. Mr Ang Wei Neng has asked about our bilateral discussions regarding Seletar Airport. Following Minister Khaw Boon Wan's meeting with Malaysian Minister of Transport Mr Anthony Loke on 23 January, both sides agreed to extend the mutual suspension of the instrument landing system (ILS) for Seletar Airport, and the Restricted Area over Pasir Gudang until 31 March 2019. We have explained to Malaysia that Seletar Airport has been serving charter, medevac and Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul flights without issues for decades and should continue to operate normally. I have also personally spoken to Minister Loke on 27 February and we are both closely monitoring the progress of these sensitive discussions between our senior officials. Mr Chairman, I would now invite Senior Minister of State Janil Puthucheary to elaborate on the detailed plans for our land transport system.”
“CAAS' air traffic controllers have been trained to a very high standard and are internationally recognised to be highly proficient, and they contribute extensively to setting global standards in ICAO and to industry organisations. Third, method. CAAS' air traffic management processes and operating procedures are highly advanced and innovative whilst still maintaining fidelity to the highest safety standards. CAAS is a first-mover in developing and using advanced concepts in air traffic management. 2.45 pm Let me give Members an example. CAAS has pioneered the Distributed Multi-Nodal Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) network concept. ATFM basically helps to better manage traffic demand and capacity, particularly during times when there is an imbalance, and they do so by regulating flight arrival and departure times, taking into account live operational conditions. This project has succeeded in achieving fuel savings for airlines, reducing the period of time that aircraft spends in airborne holding patterns. Now, even more Air Navigation Service Providers and airports around the region are keen to increase their involvement in the project. Our neighbours Malaysia and Indonesia are also participants in the project. CAAS has set up a new ATFM operations centre in the Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre to fully implement this concept in order to enhance Singapore’s air traffic service provision and contribution to the region. Singapore takes the air traffic management responsibilities that we have been entrusted with by ICAO very seriously.”
“We are certainly willing to address their concerns, and let me also emphasise this. Singapore fully respects Malaysia's and Indonesia's sovereignty over their airspace. These are not boundary disputes. At the same time, discussions on air navigation arrangements must fundamentally be based on technical and operational considerations, for the purpose of ensuring the safety and efficiency of civil aviation. And any changes to these arrangements, if warranted, must be done properly, in accordance with the rules, the requirements and the decisions set out by ICAO. Any such changes must further enhance safety and efficiency, and must benefit all airspace users. And do not forget, stakeholders, such as airlines, who use this space, must also be consulted. I agree with Mr Pritam Singh on the need to invest in technology so that Singapore remains the safest, the most reliable provider of air traffic services. Singapore has always recognised the edge that technology can bring, particularly in a highly technical field, such as ATS provision. CAAS has consistently invested in its air traffic management capabilities over many decades, focusing on three critical aspects: machine, man and method. Let us start with machine. Singapore's air traffic management systems are one of the most advanced in the world, and highly customised, incorporating cutting-edge technologies, such as space-based Automatic Dependent Surveillance (Broadcast) (ADS-B). They love acronyms in this field. Space-based ADS-B systems overcome the limitations of ground-based systems, which cannot be deployed over the vast expanse of sea to track aircraft. Man.”
“ICAO prioritises the safety and efficiency of civil aviation in all its policies, standards and recommended practices. Singapore's provision of air traffic services (ATS) for the region actually started way back in 1946, when ICAO allocated to Singapore the responsibility, the task for the provision of ATS in the Singapore Flight Information Region (FIR). In 1973, ICAO approved the creation of the Kuala Lumpur and Kota Kinabalu FIRs which, in fact, were carved out from the then Singapore FIR and allocated to Malaysia. At the same time, ICAO also approved the arrangements under which Singapore would provide ATS over portions of southern Peninsular Malaysia, within the KL FIR. The 1973 ICAO decision was a regional consensus, and struck a balance between the needs of both Singapore and Malaysia, and the international aviation community. Singapore and Malaysia concluded an agreement in 1974 to implement this ICAO decision. Through these decades, Singapore has been providing ATS to the highest standards of safety and efficiency, in accordance with our responsibilities under international law, and ICAO's stipulated standards and practices. In 2018, Singapore managed 740,000 flights in the Singapore FIR. Half of these 740,000 flights landed or departed from Changi Airport. The other half consisted of overflights, many of which were, in fact, to and from other airports in the region. The region's aviation sector has benefited greatly from all these arrangements. This has been a win-win arrangement for the region, for our neighbours and for us. Members are aware that our closest neighbours, Malaysia and Indonesia, have expressed their desire to see some changes to these existing airspace arrangements in our region.”
“On 25 October 2018, Malaysia decided to unilaterally extend the Johor Bahru Port Limits into Singapore's territorial waters off Tuas. This purported extension goes beyond even Malaysia's own territorial sea claims according to its own 1979 map, which Singapore has consistently rejected. The inescapable conclusion is that the new Johor Bahru Port Limits transgress into what are indisputably Singapore Territorial Waters. Since then, both sides have been engaged in intensive discussions to de-escalate the situation. We have made reasonable progress so far, and I hope to make some joint announcements with my counterpart Foreign Minister Saifuddin Abdullah within the next one or two weeks. So, akan datang. Mr Ang Wei Neng asked if the ongoing maritime dispute will affect the viability of our future Tuas Terminal. The answer is no. Development works are proceeding as planned, and there will be no impact to access for ships calling at the terminal in the future. I can assure Mr Ang that our security agencies will continue to be vigilant and safeguard the sovereignty and security of our territorial waters. Now, let me move on to airspace issues. I think it was Mr Pritam Singh who asked about Singapore's air navigation arrangements with our neighbours. Let me start by emphasising that it is the safety and efficiency of civil aviation for tens of millions of passengers that are the paramount considerations underlying all airspace and air navigation arrangements. Those are the key words – safety and efficiency. Air navigation arrangements, as Mr Pritam Singh knows, are complex, technical and operational matters which are under the jurisdiction of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).”
“And it was Mr Ang Wei Neng who quite rightly pointed out that the RTS Link should significantly ease congestion at our land checkpoints which, by the way, are the busiest land checkpoints in the world. This will make it much more convenient for people to travel between Singapore and Johor Bahru. Minister Khaw Boon Wan updated the House in January that the RTS Link project has seen some delays. Unfortunately, the project is likely to face further delays. We are now at the stage where both Governments are obliged to jointly call an open tender to appoint the RTS Link Operating Company (OpCo). Singapore fully expects both countries to fully abide by this obligation and has made this clear to Malaysia. Whilst emphasising the obligation of both Governments to call a fair, open and transparent international tender to appoint the OpCo, but in the spirit of bilateral cooperation, Singapore has been willing to engage Malaysia on its proposals for Malaysia's Joint Venture (JV) partner for the RTS Link OpCo. Unfortunately, Malaysia has repeatedly delayed confirming its JV partner for the RTS Link OpCo. Most recently, on 28 February 2019, Malaysia asked for another deadline extension to 31 March 2019. We hope that they will reach a decision soon. Given these delays, the RTS Link service, quite frankly, is no longer on track to commence by the original date of 31 December 2024. Singapore continues to believe that the RTS Link is a mutually beneficial project, and I would like to assure Mr Ang Wei Neng that we remain fully committed to implementing the project as per the RTS Link Bilateral Agreement. We have also been engaging Malaysia in order to find constructive solutions to both maritime and airspace issues.”
“I spoke last week in my capacity as the Minister for Foreign Affairs on managing relations with Malaysia. Let me now specifically address Members' queries on transport-related issues with Malaysia. As Members know, several transport-related issues have arisen – the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail (HSR) project. Then, there was the Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System Link (RTS Link) project, as well as the airspace and maritime boundary issues. Our approach to engaging Malaysia remains unchanged. We have upheld international law and we respected the sanctity of international agreements. At the same time, we have been reasonable, we have been constructive in trying to resolve issues in a win-win manner. First, the HSR project. In fact, this is a case in point. In August last year, Malaysia requested to defer the HSR project. In the spirit of bilateral cooperation, we agreed to Malaysia's request, and both sides agreed to a two-year suspension up to 31 May 2020. As part of the agreement, Malaysia agreed, and I can confirm, has remitted to Singapore about S$15 million on 31 January 2019 and this is for the abortive costs that were incurred by Singapore due to the two-year suspension. Malaysia has requested that during the suspension period, both sides discuss the way forward for the HSR Project, with the aim of reducing the overall costs. We have yet to receive any new proposals from Malaysia on this, but we will certainly study any such proposals carefully when we receive them. We look forward to working with Malaysia when the project resumes. On the RTS Link, this is another rail project that we have with Malaysia.”
“In addition, operators can be penalised for breach of regulatory standards or breach of licence conditions and the penalties paid are calibrated to ensure fairness and accountability. The penalties paid accrue to the Public Transport Fund which, as all Members know, is then redistributed, especially to the lower-income families. This is used, therefore, to provide financial assistance on the one hand, but also to serve as a disincentive against the operators taking shortcuts. Mr Dennis Tan also suggested factoring operators' profitability into the fare formula. The profitability of PTOs, in fact, is already taken into consideration in the fare review mechanism. For example, the productivity gains of PTOs are shared with commuters through the Productivity Extraction Factor in the fare formula. A lot of words. If Members look up the briefing, it is in there in the formula. I think PTC will happily have this conversation with Members offline. 2.30 pm The point is this. The operators also contribute a portion of the fare increase into the Public Transport Fund. Typically, they contribute about 20%-50% of the expected increase in fare revenue for that year, with the more profitable PTOs contributing more. I think this is fair. This puts in place a formal mechanism for the PTOs to share their gains with commuters. Let me assure Members that PTC will continue to keep a close watch on fare affordability for all commuters, especially for specific groups like senior citizens, low-income individuals and persons with disabilities. PTC has done well and I am confident it will continue to strike the right balance. The key word here is "balance" – balance between fare affordability and the long-term fiscal sustainability of our public transport system.”
“This is why, despite the improvements in capacity and reliability, public transport actually has become more affordable. In fact, over the last decade, monthly expenditure on public transport, as a proportion of household income for the lower-income group, has come down from 4.1% to 2.7%. But I also want to say this. It is inevitable that fares will have to keep pace with costs. In 2018, PTC introduced a Network Capacity Factor into the fare formula. Mr Dennis Tan also referred to this in his intervention earlier. Basically, this factor allows the fares to be adjusted in tandem with capacity changes of our public transport network relative to commuter demand. What I am trying to say in simple terms is this, that we would all like to increase capacity to make it more convenient and improve the travel experience. But all of us here also know that an increase in capacity comes with an increase in cost. I would like, however, to assure Mr Dennis Tan that we will certainly calibrate the expansion of rail capacity so that it expands in tandem with ridership growth. It is not feasible anyway to have unlimited expansion in capacity, and I am sure that the impact of NCF will be managed in due course. Mr Dennis Tan also suggested factoring in service quality. This is another example where I agree with his intention. I think the divergence is in the method. Service standards, including on-time performance reliability, are already regulated through existing frameworks. But these frameworks are outside the fare formula. What do I mean by that? In other words, these standards are imposed by LTA on the operators as conditions for service.”
“If we strip away the jargon, actually this is about saving money and improving the travel experience by encouraging more rail commuters to travel during off-peak hours. The number of commuters travelling during the morning pre-peak period has now increased by about 12%. We will continue to look for ways to smoothen out these peaks and troughs which, Assoc Prof Theseira, as an economist, will tell you have a very important impact on overall long-term system costs but, at the same time, improves the travelling experience for people, as it is less crowded. It does so in a positive way through differential fares. But even as we do this, we need to be mindful that not all commuters have the flexibility to change their commuting patterns. Even with such measures in place, the brutal hard truth is that a high-quality public transport system still requires significant resources. The perennial question – and it is a political question as well – remains "How do we strike the right balance between the costs borne by taxpayers, commuters and operators?" I emphasised "taxpayers" because every dollar that the Government puts into the public transport system ultimately comes from taxpayers. So, remember there is always a balancing act that is necessary. On the Government's side – and that means, on the taxpayers' side of the equation – we will continue to keep fares affordable by fully funding all infrastructure costs and providing significant operating subsidies. Over the next five years, the Government expects to provide $5 billion in subsidies for public bus services and around $4.5 billion to renew our rail operating assets. The Government will also spend another $26 billion to expand the bus and rail networks, also over the next five years.”